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<p>Libro Libre</p><p>Huebener</p><p>Beginning Spanish</p><p>LibroLibre: Beginning Spanish CC By-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>1</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish</p><p>2018</p><p>Attribution-NonCommercial ShareAlike</p><p>CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>Author: Erin Huebener, MA</p><p>Editor: Jessica Steinberg, MA</p><p>Assisting Librarian: Linda Keys, MS</p><p>Audio/video contributor: Erika Gallegos, MA</p><p>Peer Reviewers: Phyllis Andersen, PhD; Diamond Wilson, MA</p><p>On the cover: Photo credits: Erin Huebener, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>Front—Mogarraz, España</p><p>Back—El acueducto de Segovia, España</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>2</p><p>With all of the expertly written and edited Spanish textbooks on the market (most of which are</p><p>accompanied by beautiful interactive websites), many instructors enjoy and trust the quality,</p><p>ready-made materials that large publishers offer. I know this because I was one of them.</p><p>However, over time I grew concerned about the cost of my traditional textbook. Even after</p><p>“bundling” my book into three-chapter packets for each term, at approximately one hundred dollars</p><p>per quarter, many of my students were unable to purchase the book when classes started, if at all. I</p><p>witnessed the cost of my book impact student success in my courses time and time again.</p><p>With this in mind, I began to examine how much value the book and companion website were</p><p>adding to my students’ educational experience. After polling my students and doing a lot of</p><p>self-refection, the answer was this: my students were paying for a lot of features and materials that</p><p>they weren’t using, and there was a general dislike for the book and its website. Having taught with</p><p>several other books over the years, I felt confident these issues were not specific to our current text.</p><p>It was time to look for a solution, and the answer was to adopt Open Educational Resources.</p><p>In my research, I found some great low-cost materials; however, my goal was to find something I</p><p>could adapt to fit my teaching style that was editable, printable, and no-cost beyond printing.</p><p>Coming up empty-handed, I decided to write this book and to publish it under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>license so that others may use, adapt, and share this material.</p><p>I owe special thanks to the Librarians as Open Education Leaders (LOEL) grant, Spokane</p><p>Community College, Linda Keys, Jessica Steinberg, Phyllis Andersen, Erika Gallegos, and</p><p>Diamond Wilson for their roles in making this project possible. I want to recognize Tom Means for</p><p>introducing me to his three-phase cycle for task-based activities at the 2018 Center for Integrated</p><p>Language Communities forum, which inspired and informed the pre-chapter activities in this book.</p><p>I also wish to thank photographers who make their images available with Creative Commons</p><p>licenses; and finally, I must express my deepest gratitude to several very special groups of students.</p><p>Not only did they put their trust in me as we transitioned away from our traditional textbook, but</p><p>they have also authored practice activities with Creative Commons licenses, available through the</p><p>Canvas Commons.</p><p>Atentamente,</p><p>Erin Huebener, M.A.</p><p>Spanish Instructor</p><p>Spokane Community College</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>3</p><p>T a b l e o f c o n t e n t s</p><p>Capítulo Tema Página</p><p>1 Lectura cultural: La Patagonia 6</p><p>Saludos y despedidas 11</p><p>Las presentaciones 15</p><p>El alfabeto 19</p><p>Las materias 23</p><p>Definite and indefinite articles (Gender & number) 26</p><p>En la universidad 29</p><p>Pluralizing nouns 30</p><p>End-of-Chapter “I can” statements, goal-setting activities &</p><p>vocabulary list</p><p>33</p><p>2 Lectura cultural: Las cabeza colosales 39</p><p>Personal pronouns 43</p><p>Ser 46</p><p>Los adjetivos 49</p><p>Los números de 0—100 55</p><p>Tener 60</p><p>Estar 63</p><p>Los adjetivos y las preposiciones que se usan frecuentemente</p><p>con estar</p><p>64</p><p>Los días de la semana, los meses, las estaciones, y las fechas 67, 69, 70</p><p>El tiempo 73</p><p>La hora 76</p><p>End-of-Chapter “I can” statements, goal-setting activities &</p><p>vocabulary list</p><p>81</p><p>3 Lectura cultural: 87</p><p>-AR verbs 91</p><p>Verb + infinitive 95</p><p>Forming questions 100</p><p>-ER & -IR verbs 104</p><p>Irregular –ER and –IR verbs 109</p><p>End-of-Chapter “I can” statements, goal-setting activities &</p><p>vocabulary list</p><p>111</p><p>4 Lectura cultural: 116</p><p>The Verb ir and Places 120</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>4</p><p>Capítulo Tema Página</p><p>The Expression ir + a + infinitivo 124</p><p>Numbers from 100 to 1.000.000 127</p><p>The Verb Gustar 131</p><p>Family 136</p><p>Expressing Posession 141</p><p>Stem-Changing Verbs 144</p><p>End-of-Chapter “I can” statements, goal-setting activities</p><p>& vocabulary list</p><p>154</p><p>5 Lectura cultural: 159</p><p>Food 164</p><p>Restaurant Conversation 172</p><p>Direct Object Pronouns 174</p><p>The Present Progressive 179</p><p>Las Profesiones 182</p><p>Las nacionalidades 185</p><p>Ser versus estar 188</p><p>Muy versus más versus mucho 192</p><p>End-of-Chapter “I can” statements, goal-setting activities</p><p>& vocabulary list</p><p>196</p><p>6 Lectura cultural: 203</p><p>Health and the Human Body 208</p><p>Reflexive Verbs 213</p><p>Free Time and Sports 221</p><p>Expressions with tener 227</p><p>End-of-Chapter “I can” statements, goal-setting activities</p><p>& vocabulary list</p><p>231</p><p>7 Lectura cultural: 237</p><p>Saber versus conocer 241</p><p>Indirect Object Pronouns 245</p><p>Verbs like gustar 249</p><p>Demonstratives 253</p><p>Comparisons of Inequality 258</p><p>Comparisons of Equality 261</p><p>Superlatives 264</p><p>End-of-Chapter “I can” statements, goal-setting activities</p><p>& vocabulary list</p><p>270</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>5</p><p>Capítulo Tema Página</p><p>8 Lectura cultural: 275</p><p>Childhood and Adolescence 280</p><p>Time Expressions for the Imperfect Tense 283</p><p>The Imperfect 285</p><p>The Impersonal and Passive se 294</p><p>Por versus Para 297</p><p>End-of-Chapter “I can” statements, goal-setting</p><p>activities & vocabulary list</p><p>302</p><p>9 Lectura cultural: 307</p><p>Vacation 311</p><p>Time Expressions for the Preterite Tense 315</p><p>The Preterite 317</p><p>Irregular Preterite Verbs, Part 1 323</p><p>Irregular Preterite Verbs, Part 2 327</p><p>Irregular Preterite Verbs, Part 3 333</p><p>Irregular Preterite Verbs, Part 4 339</p><p>Preterite Synthesis 341</p><p>Preterite Versus Imperfect 345</p><p>End-of-Chapter “I can” statements, goal-setting</p><p>activities & vocabulary list</p><p>348</p><p>10 Lectura Cultural: 353</p><p>The Present Perfect 357</p><p>The Imperative 362</p><p>Introduction to the Subjunctive 367</p><p>Special Occasions and Life’s Big Moments 373</p><p>The Future 377</p><p>The Conditional 383</p><p>End-of-Chapter “I can” statements, goal-setting</p><p>activities & vocabulary list</p><p>388</p><p>Photo Credits 394</p><p>Appendix Activity Supplements, Verb Charts, Tools for Writing 423</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>6</p><p>Capítulo Uno</p><p>Chapter One</p><p>La Patagonia es una región en Sudamérica compartida por Chile y</p><p>Argentina. Tiene montañas, glaciares, lagos y otras características</p><p>maravillosas. Es una región increíble. En la Patagonia, como en la lengua</p><p>española, siempre hay algo nuevo para descubrir.</p><p>¡Bienvenido/a a la clase de español!</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/throgers/16527584816/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>7</p><p>¡A establecer los objectivos!</p><p>Goal setting. One of the most important things we can do to hold ourselves accountable for our</p><p>learning is to engage in goal setting and metacognition—a fancy term for thinking about the way we</p><p>think and learn. The goals we set should be specific and achievable. Something like “Speak Spanish”</p><p>is too broad, we need to focus on the steps we need to take to get there and the signs that we will see</p><p>as proof of our progress.</p><p>As we are working to be our best language learners, we need to regularly check in on our goals: What</p><p>are your goals? What is your plan to achieve each goal? What evidence of progress</p><p>or “u”: don’t make gender changes, pluralize by adding –es</p><p>El presidente Obama es liberal. Los demócratas son liberales.</p><p>Mi compañera de casa es hindú. Sus padres son hindúes también.</p><p>If it ends in –dor or is a nationality ending in a consonant: add onto the end with –a, -es, -as</p><p>Mi novia es trabajadora. Es estudiante y es francesa.</p><p>Los adjetivos: Adjectives</p><p>Alt@ ________________________________</p><p>Baj@________________________________</p><p>Extrovertid@__________________________</p><p>Introvertid@___________________________</p><p>Activ@_______________________________</p><p>Pequeñ@_____________________________</p><p>Aburrid@ ____________________________</p><p>Ric@ ________________________________</p><p>Pobre ________________________________</p><p>Grande_______________________________</p><p>Inteligente____________________________</p><p>Interesante____________________________</p><p>Optimista_____________________________</p><p>Pesimista_____________________________</p><p>Perezos@_____________________________</p><p>Realista______________________________</p><p>Idealista______________________________</p><p>Liberal_______________________________</p><p>Conservador___________________________</p><p>Trabajador____________________________</p><p>Rubi@_______________________________</p><p>Pelirroj@_________________________________</p><p>Moren@ _________________________________</p><p>Negr@* _________________________________</p><p>Calv@ ___________________________________</p><p>Gord@___________________________________</p><p>Flac@___________________________________</p><p>Atractiv@________________________________</p><p>Fe@_____________________________________</p><p>*For native English speakers, encountering the word</p><p>negro is often confusing. While it is the word for the</p><p>color black in Spanish, it is a racial slur in English. For</p><p>this reason, in the United States, many Spanish speakers</p><p>use afroamerican@ or moren@ instead. Please note that</p><p>afroamerican@ does not work for other nationalities,</p><p>as each country has its own nationality. Other cultures</p><p>do use the prefix afro with nationalities and regional</p><p>identities, but it is currently used more often to describe</p><p>elements of culture rather than to describe individuals</p><p>(ej: la cultura afroperuana, la música afrocubana, la</p><p>gastronomía afrocaribeña). When talking about race, it</p><p>is important that people and communities of color get to</p><p>determine what is acceptable language, and it is also</p><p>important to note that what is accepted may differ by</p><p>individual, culture, and/or moment in time.</p><p>Mi gata es perezosa. Mi casa no es grande.</p><p>https://youtu.be/I7jhrVSQnsg</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/lusoldi/3017198393/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/mrlerone/39223196/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>50</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 8</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 9</p><p>¿Quién es? Who is it? Read the descriptions of the famous people below. Guess who it is, then</p><p>use the QR code to verify. Read the first paragraph of each Wikipedia article for fluency.</p><p>1. Es una mujer muy rica y famosa. Es de los Estados Unidos. Es presentadora</p><p>de televisión y actriz. Tiene un club de libros. Es afroamericana.</p><p>Ella es ______________________________________________________.</p><p>2. Es un hombre famoso. Es atractivo y moreno. Es de España. Es actor. Su</p><p>ex-esposa es Melanie Griffith. Es la voz del Gato en Botas.</p><p>Él es ________________________________________________________.</p><p>3. Es una mujer rica y famosa. Es comediante y actriz y tiene un programa de</p><p>televisión. Es muy cómica. Es rubia y pequeña y tiene el pelo corto.</p><p>Ella es _______________________________________________________.</p><p>4. Es un grupo de música británico. Uno de los miembros es rubio y es de</p><p>Irlanda. Tres de los miembros son morenos y son de Inglaterra. Su música es</p><p>muy popular con las chicas adolescentes.</p><p>El grupo es ____________________________________________________.</p><p>Los opuestos. Opposites. Using our current vocabulary, pair up five sets of opposite adjectives.</p><p>versus versus</p><p>versus</p><p>versus</p><p>versus</p><p>http://goqr.me/#t=url</p><p>http://goqr.me/#t=url</p><p>http://goqr.me/#t=url</p><p>http://goqr.me/#t=url</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>51</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 0</p><p>Rellenar el espacio. Based on the photos below, fill in the blank with a descriptive adjective,</p><p>making sure that it matches its noun in gender and number.</p><p>1. La clase de francés es ______________________________.</p><p>2. Papá Noel no es flaco, es ____________________________.</p><p>3. Mis hermanas son muy ______________________________.</p><p>(sisters)</p><p>4. Bill Gates es __________________ y ___________________.</p><p>5. Mis hijos son _______________________________________.</p><p>(my kids)</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/moonlightbulb/2625422225/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/yingzhu/6487696871/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/oninnovation/4996836818/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/redbean_babies/3831789818/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/robwallace/202578848/sizes/o/</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>52</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 1</p><p>¡A escribir! Use the verb ser and adjectives to describe one family member, one friend, and</p><p>yourself. Watch this video to hear example descriptions.</p><p>1. Un familiar: ___________________________</p><p>_______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>_______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>_______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>2. Un(a) amig@: ___________________________</p><p>_______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>_______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>_______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>3. Yo</p><p>_______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>_______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>_______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>https://youtu.be/HQGk0UcLahk</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/joe_0_1/14471971642/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>53</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 2</p><p>Mi persona favorita.</p><p>Paso uno: Use the idea map below to map adjectives that describe a person who is special to</p><p>you. Challenge yourself to write additional information in the free space. Share with a partner, using</p><p>Spanish to describe this person.</p><p>El nombre de mi</p><p>persona favorita es:</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>54</p><p>Paso dos: Use your idea map from Paso uno to write a paragraph (five sentences, minimum)</p><p>about this person who you know well. Keep it simple and focus on using the Spanish we are</p><p>currently learning.</p><p>_________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>_________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>_________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>_________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>_________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>_________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>_________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>_________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>_________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>_________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>_________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>_________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>55</p><p>Los números de 0—100</p><p>0-10</p><p>0…………………………………………………………………………………..…………...cero</p><p>1……………………………………………………………………………………...………...uno</p><p>2………………………………………………………………………………………………...dos</p><p>3………………………………………………………………………………………………...tres</p><p>4…………………………………………………………………………………………......cuatro</p><p>5……………………………………………………………………………………………...cinco</p><p>6……………………………………………………………………………………………......seis</p><p>7……………………………………………………………………………………………….siete</p><p>8…………………………………………………………………………………………….....ocho</p><p>9……………………………………………………………………………………………...nueve</p><p>10……………………………………………………………………………………………....diez</p><p>One through Nine are absolutely critical—master them!</p><p>11-15</p><p>11…………………………………………………………………………………..…………..once</p><p>12……………………………………………………………………………………..………..doce</p><p>13………………………………………………………………………………………..……..trece</p><p>14……………………………………………………………………………………….……catorce</p><p>15………………………………………………………………………………………….....quince</p><p>Eleven through Fifteen are tricky—spend extra time on them.</p><p>16-19</p><p>16…………………………………………………………………………………..…….....dieciséis*</p><p>17…………………………………………………………………………………………..diecisiete</p><p>18…………………………………………………………………………………………..dieciocho</p><p>19……………………………………………………………………………………….…diecinueve</p><p>*When a single-digit one-through-nine number (2, 3, 6) is attached to another, it takes an accent.</p><p>With Sixteen, we start to see the pattern of adding “Ten and Six,” “Ten and Seven,” etc.</p><p>https://youtu.be/MJLCf7ccbmc</p><p>https://youtu.be/2RJUgX0JtyI</p><p>https://youtu.be/gHDvxonFHA8</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>56</p><p>20-29</p><p>20…………………………………….…veinte 25………………………………...…veinticinco</p><p>21……………………………..……veintiuno** 26………………………………….…veintiséis</p><p>22…………………………………….veintidós 27………………………….……...…veintisiete</p><p>23…………………………………….veintitrés 28…………………….………......…veintiocho</p><p>24………………………………….veinticuatro 29……………………………......…veintinueve</p><p>**When a masculine noun immediate follows “uno,” the –o drops and the u take an accent.</p><p>- Tengo veintiún años.</p><p>The –e in veinte changes to an “i” when connecting a 1-9 number. This mimics the “and” sound: “y.”</p><p>30-39</p><p>30…………………………………….…treinta 35………………………………...treinta y cinco</p><p>31……………………………...treinta y uno** 36………………………………….treinta y seis</p><p>32………………………………...treinta y dos 37………………………………….treinta y siete</p><p>33………………………………...treinta y tres 38………………………………...treinta y ocho</p><p>34………………………………treinta y cuatro 39……………………………….treinta y nueve</p><p>Once we get to “treinta,” things get much easier: Thirty and one, thirty and two…. Thirty and six... etc.</p><p>40-100</p><p>40…………………….……………….cuarenta 70…………………….…………....……setenta</p><p>50…………………….………………cincuenta 80…………………….………..………ochenta</p><p>60…………………….……………...…sesenta 90…………………….…………..……noventa</p><p>100………………………………………………………………………………………..………cien</p><p>That pattern continues for the rest of the “tens”</p><p>A note: “Cien” works for 100 “on the dot” only. We will see larger numbers later, but it is worth</p><p>noting that after 100 (101, etc), “hundred” is “ciento.”</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/duncan/4568047884/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/duncan/4568047884/sizes/l</p><p>https://youtu.be/_NGoUxyLP2Q</p><p>https://youtu.be/EqKxSjIevCw</p><p>https://youtu.be/BIJRJFryDuU</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>57</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 3</p><p>Los números de teléfono. Phone numbers. The ways people will say their phone numbers vary</p><p>throughout the Spanish speaking world, but a common way is to state the first number as a single</p><p>digit, and then state three double-digit numbers for the rest.</p><p>Por ejemplo: 5-33-89-79. Cinco, treinta y tres, ochenta y nueve, setenta y nueve.</p><p>Mi teléfono es ______________________________________________________________________</p><p>Next, ask for the phone numbers of two potential study buddies using the question:</p><p>¿Cuál es tu teléfono?</p><p>__________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>__________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 4</p><p>Las sumas y restas: la frase secreta. Addition and subtraction: the secret phrase. Solve the</p><p>addition and subtraction problems below, then use the key to solve the secret phrase!</p><p>1. Setenta menos sesenta son _______________</p><p>2. Tres más catorce son ___________________</p><p>3. Once menos uno son ___________________</p><p>4. Trece más cuatro son ___________________</p><p>5. Ochenta más diez son __________________</p><p>6. Treinta menos dos son ___________________</p><p>7. Noventa menos diecisiete son _____________</p><p>8. Veinte más veintitrés son _________________</p><p>9. Cincuenta menos treinta y uno son _________</p><p>10. Doce más tres son ______________________</p><p>Clave: key</p><p>Setenta y tres = A</p><p>Diez = L</p><p>Veintiocho = R</p><p>Noventa = G</p><p>Diecisiete = O</p><p>Quince = E</p><p>Diecinueve = T</p><p>Cuarenta y tres = S</p><p>La frase secreta es: ¡____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ !</p><p>1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/dex1138/8059515836/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>58</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 5</p><p>De compras. Shopping. You just won a $100 dollar gift card! Use the information below to</p><p>determine the price of each item.</p><p>Tengo</p><p>I have</p><p>Compro</p><p>I buy</p><p>El precio</p><p>The price</p><p>Me quedan dos dólares.</p><p>I have two dollars left.</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/37815348@N00/6682416451/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/greggman/9380482801/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/68751915@N05/6722570555/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/85546319@N04/9114772149/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/superstrikertwo/2874767616/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/88511735@N00/5550582206/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/54400117@N03/5069108088/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>59</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 6</p><p>Preguntas personales. Answer the following questions as completely as possible—be sure to</p><p>write out the numbers. If you do not have something, put “no” in front of the verb. Ej. No tengo</p><p>mascotas. Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿Cuántas clases tienes?</p><p>Tengo ____________________________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Cuántas horas trabajas?</p><p>Trabajo ___________________________________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿Cuántos créditos tienes?</p><p>Tengo ____________________________________________________________________</p><p>4. ¿Cuántos primos* tienes? *cousins</p><p>Tengo ____________________________________________________________________</p><p>5. ¿Cuántos hermanos tienes?</p><p>Tengo ____________________________________________________________________</p><p>6. ¿Cuántas mascotas* tienes? *pets</p><p>Tengo ____________________________________________________________________</p><p>Yo tengo tres mascotas: una gata (Miel) y dos perros (un perro, Kermit, y una perra, Harriet).</p><p>https://youtu.be/c34ZNu7AutY</p><p>https://youtu.be/4BUmB7EB_bI</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>60</p><p>El verbo “Tener”</p><p>Tener: To have</p><p>Tengo</p><p>Tienes</p><p>Tiene</p><p>Tenemos</p><p>Tenéis</p><p>Tienen</p><p>The verb tener is used to discuss possession.</p><p> Yo tengo cuatro clases este trimestre.</p><p> ¿Tienes hermanos?</p><p> Mi esposo y yo no tenemos hijos*. kids</p><p> Clase, vosotros tenéis tarea* para mañana. homework</p><p> Mis amigos tienen mucha tarea.</p><p>It is also used to discuss age.</p><p> Yo tengo treinta y dos años.</p><p> ¿Cuántos años tienes?</p><p>Ana tiene mucha</p><p>tarea.</p><p>Marta no tiene</p><p>tarea.</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/chasingmechasingyou/2059225092/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/novelty_cakes/4424399616/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/gracewong/183286968/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>61</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 7</p><p>Rellenar el espacio. Fill in the blank with the appropriate form of tener.</p><p>1. Alejandro ______________________ una clase de literatura.</p><p>2. Yo ______________________ una hermana menor.</p><p>3. Mis hermanos ______________________ hijos.</p><p>4. Mi novia y yo _____________________ un perro. Se llama</p><p>Fred.</p><p>5. Tú ______________________ un gato, ¿verdad?</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 8</p><p>Preguntas personales. Answer the following personal questions using the verb tener.</p><p>Audio</p><p>1. ¿Cuántos años tienes? _________________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Cuántos años tiene tu compañer@ de la clase de español? ____________________________</p><p>un carro de lujo un archienemigo un superpoder un martillo un secuaz mucho dinero</p><p>A luxury car an archenemy a superpower a hammer a sidekick a lot of money</p><p>Los superhéroes. Using the verb tener and the word bank below, write sentences about what</p><p>these superheroes have. Feel free to use the terms more than once and to give extra descriptions.</p><p>1. ¿Qué tiene Batman? ___________________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Qué tiene la Mujer Maravilla?___________________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿Qué tiene el Hombre de Acero*? Iron ___________________________________________</p><p>4. ¿Qué tiene Thor?_____________________________________________________________</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 9</p><p>https://youtu.be/o0zp7k7nM-k</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/syndrom/366106773/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/81724558@N06/7485473674/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>62</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 0</p><p>Bingo Humano. Use tener to ask questions about what your classmates have. When asked,</p><p>answer using tener as well. When you receive an affirmative answer from someone, fill in their</p><p>name. You may only use the name of each classmate once. Try to get as many “BINGO’s” (five in</p><p>a row vertically, horizontally, or diagonally) as you can in the time given.</p><p>Un hermano</p><p>mayor</p><p>_____________</p><p>Tres clases</p><p>_____________</p><p>Un carro blanco</p><p>_____________</p><p>Una hermana</p><p>mayor</p><p>_____________</p><p>Un gato</p><p>_____________</p><p>Una guitarra</p><p>_____________</p><p>Un perro</p><p>_____________</p><p>Una clase de</p><p>ciencias</p><p>_____________</p><p>Una novela</p><p>favorita</p><p>_____________</p><p>Familia en</p><p>California</p><p>_____________</p><p>Un carro negro</p><p>_____________</p><p>Un amigo</p><p>internacional</p><p>_____________</p><p>Dos clases</p><p>_____________</p><p>Cuatro clases</p><p>_____________</p><p>Una clase de</p><p>psicología</p><p>_____________</p><p>Hijos</p><p>_____________</p><p>Una hermana</p><p>menor</p><p>_____________</p><p>Una clase de</p><p>matemáticas</p><p>_____________</p><p>Un hermano</p><p>menor</p><p>_____________</p><p>Un piano</p><p>_____________</p><p>Un restaurante</p><p>favorito</p><p>_____________</p><p>Muchos primos</p><p>(cousins)</p><p>_____________</p><p>Una motocicleta</p><p>_____________</p><p>Una bicicleta</p><p>_____________</p><p>Un pájaro (bird)</p><p>_____________</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>63</p><p>El verbo “Estar”</p><p>Estar: To be</p><p>Estoy</p><p>Estás</p><p>Está</p><p>Estamos</p><p>Estáis</p><p>Están</p><p>The verb estar is used to discuss states of being (conditions, emotions,</p><p>feelings, etc.) and location.</p><p> Yo estoy cansada porque trabajo mucho.</p><p> Tú estás enamorado de Carmen, ¿no?</p><p> Ella está triste hoy.</p><p> Nosotras estamos nerviosas porque tenemos un examen.</p><p> Vosotros estáis tranquilos.</p><p> ¿Ustedes están aburridos? ¿Quieren ir al parque?</p><p> Mi profesora de biología está en el laboratorio.</p><p> Todos mis amigos están en clase.</p><p>Fabricio está nervioso y Maribel está</p><p>sorprendida. Ellos están enamorados.</p><p>Están en la playa.</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/rsmith4321/18197746793/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/iita-media-library/8163601144/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>64</p><p>María Fernanda está emocionada y nerviosa.</p><p>¡Hoy es el día de su graduación!</p><p>Doña Leticia está preocupada. Su esposo</p><p>está en el hospital.</p><p>Mi perro está avergonzado porque hizo</p><p>pipí dentro* de la casa. *inside</p><p>Don Manuel está cansado porque trabaja</p><p>mucho.</p><p>Adjectives commonly used with “Estar”</p><p>They must agree with the person(s) they are describing</p><p>in Gender and Number.</p><p>___________________________ Feliz</p><p>___________________________ Content@</p><p>___________________________ Cansad@</p><p>___________________________ Enferm@</p><p>___________________________ Ocupad@</p><p>___________________________ Loc@</p><p>___________________________ Sorprendid@</p><p>___________________________ Triste</p><p>___________________________ Aburrid@</p><p>___________________________ Nervios@</p><p>___________________________ Preocupad@</p><p>___________________________ Emocionad@</p><p>___________________________ Enojad@/ enfadad@</p><p>___________________________ Tranquil@</p><p>___________________________ Enamorad@</p><p>___________________________ Avergonzad@</p><p>___________________________ De buen/mal humor</p><p>Prepositions commonly used with “Estar”</p><p>Use “de” when giving a reference point.</p><p>___________________________ En</p><p>___________________________ Aquí</p><p>___________________________ Allí</p><p>___________________________ Al lado (de)</p><p>___________________________ Lejos (de)</p><p>___________________________ Cerca (de)</p><p>___________________________ A la derecha (de)</p><p>___________________________ A la izquierda (de)</p><p>¿Dónde está Renata? -Ella está en clase.</p><p>¿Dónde está la biblioteca? - Está al lado del centro</p><p>estudiantil.</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/nomakeupphoto/2485287980/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/orbis_emea/9627076161/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/larryvincent/3357985727/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/proimos/7306065194/sizes/l</p><p>https://youtu.be/l5IYWLdOGRU</p><p>https://youtu.be/gbYHjmOoZ0I</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>65</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 1</p><p>¿Cómo estás? How are you? Respond to the following questions about how you feel in the</p><p>given situations. Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿Cómo estás hoy*? *Today ________________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Cómo estás cuando tienes un examen?______________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿Cómo estás el día de tu cumpleaños?_______________________________________________</p><p>4. ¿Cómo estás cuando tienes una cita*? *date__________________________________________</p><p>5. ¿Cómo estás cuando trabajas y estudias mucho?________________________________________</p><p>6. ¿Cómo estás cuando estás en la playa?_______________________________________________</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 2</p><p>Los emojis. Draw an emoji for four of our vocabulary words. Switch papers with a partner and</p><p>guess what each one is using the question: “Está ________________?” To respond, answer using,</p><p>“Sí, está _______________,” or, “No, no está __________________.” Continue until you have</p><p>correctly guessed each one of your partner’s emojis and until they have guessed each one of yours.</p><p>https://youtu.be/kx-PEfzB3T8</p><p>https://youtu.be/HNpe6SR64PI</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>66</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 3</p><p>¿Dónde está? Where is it? Work with a partner to discuss where the items are on the desk in</p><p>the pictured below using the verb estar in the first blank and the prepositional phrases from our</p><p>vocabulary in the second blank.</p><p>1. El bolígrafo y el destacador ___________________ _______________________del cuaderno.</p><p>2. La computadora __________________ _______________________ de los discos compactos.</p><p>3. El dinosaurio ______________________ _______________________________ de los libros.</p><p>4. Las fotografías ______________________ ____________________________ del dinosaurio.</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 4</p><p>Nuestro campus. Our campus. Work with a partner to discuss where on campus one can find</p><p>the places below. Use estar in the first blank and the prepositional phrases from our vocabulary in</p><p>the second blank.</p><p>1. ¿Dónde está la bibiloteca? ________________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Dónde está la cafetería? _________________________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿Dónde está el estadio?___________________________________________________________</p><p>4. ¿Dónde</p><p>está el despacho* del presidente? *office ______________________________________</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/ah7trude/2389887113/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>67</p><p>Los días de la semana</p><p>Los días de la semana: Days of the week</p><p>(el/los) lunes __________________________________</p><p>(el/los) martes _________________________________</p><p>(el/los) miércoles_______________________________</p><p>(el/los) jueves__________________________________</p><p>(el/los) viernes_________________________________</p><p>(el/los) sábado(s)_______________________________</p><p>(el/los) domingo(s) _____________________________</p><p>Todos los días _________________________________</p><p>El fin de semana _______________________________</p><p>Los fines de semana ____________________________</p><p>De________ a _________: _______________________</p><p> Days of the week and months of the</p><p>year are not capitalized in Spanish.</p><p> To say “on” a day of the week, use</p><p>“el” for a one-time event:</p><p> El lunes, voy al doctor.</p><p> For a recurring event, use “los.”</p><p> Do not pluralize days that end in s.</p><p> Tengo la clase de álgebra los</p><p>martes y los jueves.</p><p> Do pluralize “sábados” and</p><p>“domingos.”</p><p> Voy a la misa los domingos.</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/buscavientos/16017536539/sizes/o/</p><p>https://youtu.be/2COYkBgTlk0</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>68</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 5</p><p>Las descripciones. Determine which day of the week is being described in the sentences</p><p>below. Then, write one of your own. Después de = after, Antes de = before</p><p>1. Es el día después de martes. _________________________</p><p>2. Es el día antes de viernes. ___________________________</p><p>3. Es el día después de sábado. _________________________</p><p>4. Es el día después de viernes. _________________________</p><p>5. Es el día antes de martes. ____________________________</p><p>6._________________________________________________</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 6</p><p>Mi horario. My schedule. Using phrases such as “Tengo clase,” “Trabajo,” and “Tengo tiempo</p><p>libre,” give an overview of your weekly schedule in Spanish. The expressions por la mañana/ por</p><p>la tarde/ por la noche can be used to express in the morning/ afternoon/ evening.</p><p>Los lunes</p><p>Los martes</p><p>Los miércoles</p><p>Los jueves</p><p>Los viernes</p><p>Los sábados</p><p>Los domingos</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/urbinavolant/2925342846/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/lindalawen/4929209853/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>69</p><p>Las cuatro estaciones y los meses del año</p><p>Las cuatro estaciones y los meses:</p><p>The four seasons and the months</p><p>El invierno</p><p>___________________</p><p>diciembre _____________________</p><p>enero_________________________</p><p>febrero_______________________</p><p>La primavera</p><p>___________________</p><p>marzo________________________</p><p>abril _________________________</p><p>mayo_________________________</p><p>El verano</p><p>___________________</p><p>junio_________________________</p><p>julio_________________________</p><p>agosto________________________</p><p>El otoño</p><p>___________________</p><p>septiembre____________________</p><p>octubre_______________________</p><p>noviembre ____________________</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/jeff_sch/11794713313/sizes/l</p><p>https://youtu.be/EvMZoWAwyN8</p><p>https://youtu.be/EvMZoWAwyN8</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/billy_wilson/4505770507/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/vainsang/9291928138/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/chrisschoenbohm/8122055176/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>70</p><p>Las fechas</p><p>When saying dates in Spanish, we follow a specific formula:</p><p>El (número) de (mes)</p><p>To ask the date, ask: ¿Cuál es la fecha de hoy?</p><p>To state a date, use the formula: Mi cumpleaños es el once de mayo.</p><p> For the first of the month, use el primero instead of el uno.</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 7</p><p>Las fiestas. Holidays. State the date in Spanish for the following holidays commonly</p><p>celebrated in the United States.</p><p>El día de San Patricio es _________________________________.</p><p>El día de independencia es _______________________________.</p><p>Halloween es _________________________________________.</p><p>Mi cumpleaños es _____________________________________.</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/ironrodart/4422359445/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/jeffkrause/10179766235/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/jp3d/2990029171/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/chrisjagers/4470977107/sizes/o/</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>71</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 8</p><p>¿En qué estación…? Determine which season fits best for the following activities.</p><p>1. Me gusta esquiar en _________________. 5. Me gusta ver las flores en ________________.</p><p>2. Me gusta ir al campo en _____________. 6. Me gusta hacer picnics en ________________.</p><p>3. Me gusta ir al lago en _________________. 7. Me gusta ver las hojas en ________________.</p><p>4. Me gusta hacer muñecos de nieve en</p><p>_______________________________</p><p>8. Me gusta cocinar en la parilla en</p><p>_____________________________________</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/barneymoss/16592320210/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/gotovan/7126997793/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/stasiland/8129565595/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/langalex/3494695701/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/zbaranowski_photography/8126201612/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/mightyboybrian/1924088226/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/befuddledsenses/493317904/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>72</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 9</p><p>Las fiestas hispanas. With a partner, research some important Hispanic holidays and/or</p><p>festivals. Write the name of the event the date, and the country in Spanish, and write a brief</p><p>description in English. In addition, you may watch this video to learn more about las fiestas</p><p>Julianas in Ecuador.</p><p>Fiesta: _____________________</p><p>Fecha: _____________________</p><p>País: _______________________</p><p>Descripción:</p><p>Descripción:</p><p>Descripción:</p><p>Fiesta: _____________________</p><p>Fecha: _____________________</p><p>País: _______________________</p><p>Fiesta: _____________________</p><p>Fecha: _____________________</p><p>País: _______________________</p><p>https://youtu.be/HHEX2NcwwNc</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>73</p><p>El tiempo: ¿Qué tiempo hace?</p><p>¿Qué tiempo hace?:</p><p>How’s the weather?</p><p>Hace +</p><p>(muy) buen tiempo _____________________</p><p>(muy) mal tiempo______________________</p><p>(mucho) calor_________________________</p><p>(mucho) frío__________________________</p><p>(mucho) sol___________________________</p><p>(mucho) viento________________________</p><p>fresco________________________________</p><p>Está +</p><p>Soleado______________________________</p><p>Nublado______________________________</p><p>Despejado____________________________</p><p>Lloviendo*____________________________</p><p>Granizando*__________________________</p><p>Nevando*_____________________________</p><p>*to use these, it has to be happening right now.</p><p>Hay +</p><p>nubes________________________________</p><p>tormentas_____________________________</p><p>niebla________________________________</p><p>(mucha) humedad______________________</p><p>Otras expresiones</p><p>Llueve _______________________________</p><p>Nieva________________________________</p><p>La temperatura está a ______ grados.</p><p>_____________________________________</p><p>Va a llover/nevar. ______________________</p><p>¡Qué calor/ frío!________________________</p><p>Hace muy buen tiempo y está despejado. Es un</p><p>día perfecto para ir a la playa.</p><p>Hace mal tiempo. Hace frío y está lloviendo.</p><p>Es un día perfecto para leer un libro.</p><p>Está nevando y hace mucho frío. Es un día</p><p>perfecto para beber chocolate caliente.</p><p>https://youtu.be/yY3R_C6paGA</p><p>https://youtu.be/yY3R_C6paGA</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/scottrsmith/4375048054/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/alexander_mueller_photolover/23956872051/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/billysbirds/4381940733/sizes/l</p><p>Libro</p><p>Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>74</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 3 0</p><p>El clima de tu ciudad. Describe the weather in your town using our weather expressions.</p><p>Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿Qué tiempo hace hoy? _____________________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Qué tiempo hace en invierno?_______________________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿Qué tiempo hace en primavera?______________________________________________________</p><p>4. ¿Qué tiempo hace en verano?________________________________________________________</p><p>5. ¿Qué tiempo hace en otoño? _________________________________________________________</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 3 1</p><p>El clima de otras ciudades. State the season, then describe the weather in these cities using a</p><p>weather expression. Note: The seasons are opposite between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.</p><p>When it is spring in North America, it is Fall in South America, etc.</p><p>1. ¿Qué tiempo hace en Chile en agosto? __________________/_______________________________</p><p>2. ¿Qué tiempo hace en Phoenix en julio?__________________/_______________________________</p><p>3. ¿Qué tiempo hace en Seattle en abril?___________________/_______________________________</p><p>4. ¿Qué tiempo hace en Argentina en diciembre?____________/_______________________________</p><p>5. ¿Qué tiempo hace en Nueva York en enero?______________/_______________________________</p><p>https://youtu.be/R0ZcE4wNUvo</p><p>https://youtu.be/xRJ_osOj2n0</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/jesuscm/9952946985/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/belola/4008201142/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>75</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 3 2</p><p>El pronóstico del tiempo. Search online for today’s weather report from Mexico City (México DF)</p><p>and summarize what you see with our weather expressions in Spanish in the box on the left. Then, note</p><p>any other information you were able to understand in the box on the right, providing the words in</p><p>Spanish along with your English interpretation.</p><p>¿Qué tiempo hace? What else were you able to interpret?</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/sergejf/539124142/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>76</p><p>La hora: Telling Time</p><p>If the minutes are</p><p>within the latter half</p><p>hour, count back-</p><p>ward from the up-</p><p>coming hour using</p><p>“menos.”</p><p>If the minutes are</p><p>within the first</p><p>half hour, count up</p><p>from the current</p><p>hour using</p><p>“y.”</p><p>Instead of saying “y quince” it is</p><p>common to hear y cuarto (and a quarter).</p><p>Instead of saying “y treinta,” it is</p><p>common to hear y media (and a half).</p><p>Otros términos importantes</p><p>El mediodía:__________________</p><p>La medianoche:_______________</p><p>En punto:____________________</p><p>To tell time in Spanish, start with:</p><p>Son las (for all hours except one o’clock).</p><p>Es la (for the one o’clock hour).</p><p>To distinguish for AM or PM, use:</p><p>De la mañana</p><p>De la tarde</p><p>De la noche</p><p>Note: In many Hispanic countries, printed schedules use the 24-hour clock. However, if a train is</p><p>leaving at 13:05 you generally will not say the time as “trece y cinco” but rather “una y cinco.”</p><p>Son las dos y</p><p>siete de la</p><p>tarde.</p><p>Son las seis</p><p>menos diez</p><p>de la noche.</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/cbcastro/263351348/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/matthewhester/8719634799/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>77</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 3 3</p><p>¿Qué hora es? What time is it? State the time in Spanish based on the clocks you see in the</p><p>pictures below. Be sure to start with “Son las” or “Es la..”</p><p>AM</p><p>1. ___________________________________________________</p><p>PM</p><p>AM</p><p>2. ___________________________________________________</p><p>3. ___________________________________________________</p><p>4. ___________________________________________________</p><p>5. ___________________________________________________</p><p>PM</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/thedarkthing/5364624030/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/h_is_for_home/5218435205/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/nickpiggott/5212950666/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/iamthestig2/3253241308/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/wvs/45763367745/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>78</p><p>When discussing the time of an event, our initial phrase is a little different.</p><p>Instead of son las or es la:, we use a la or a las.</p><p>Like we saw before, a la is used for the one o’clock hour and a las is used for all other hours.</p><p>To ask, “What time is (an event)?” use the question: ¿A qué hora es (el evento)?</p><p>Por ejemplo:</p><p>¿A qué hora es la fiesta? (Es) a las ocho de la noche.</p><p>¿A qué hora es la clase de español? (Es) a las nueve y media de la mañana?</p><p>¿A qué hora es el concierto en el parque? (Es) a la una de la tarde.</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 3 4</p><p>¿A qué hora es? Answer the questions about your schedule. Be sure to include de la mañana/</p><p>tarde/noche with your answer. Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿A qué hora te levantas (do you get up)?</p><p>Me levanto ________________________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿A qué hora llegas (do you arrive) a la universidad?</p><p>Llego _____________________________________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿A qué hora tienes la clase de español?</p><p>Tengo la clase de español _____________________________________________________</p><p>4. ¿A qué hora almuerzas (do you eat lunch)?</p><p>Almuerzo _________________________________________________________________</p><p>5. ¿A qué hora sales de (do you leave) la universidad?</p><p>Salgo _____________________________________________________________________</p><p>https://youtu.be/mO0BWyy8s5g</p><p>https://youtu.be/q0veVFoOfxM</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/13523064@N03/16165582242/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/h_is_for_home/2460111952/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>79</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 3 5</p><p>El horario de autobúses. You recently took an internship for a travel agency in Madrid.</p><p>Your job is to book bus tickets for American students arriving to the Madrid airport and then</p><p>traveling to Salamanca for Spanish immersion classes. Based on the students’ flight arrival times</p><p>and terminal information, determine which bus each student should take. Then state what time</p><p>they will arrive to Salamanca.</p><p>Eric Johnson llega a las cinco y media de la tarde. Terminal 1.</p><p>El próximo autobús sale ___________________________________________________________</p><p>Eric llega a Salamanca ___________________________________________________________</p><p>Sarah Dougherty llega a la una menos veinte de la tarde. Terminal 1.</p><p>El próximo autobús sale __________________________________________________________</p><p>Sarah llega a Salamanca _________________________________________________________</p><p>Andrew Martínez llega a las diez y veinticinco de la mañana. Terminal 4.</p><p>El próximo autobús sale __________________________________________________________</p><p>Andrew llega a Salamanca ________________________________________________________</p><p>Hannah Smith llega a las nueve menos cuarto de la noche. Terminal 1.</p><p>El próximo autobús sale __________________________________________________________</p><p>Hanna llega a Salamanca _________________________________________________________</p><p>Sunali Sinha llega a las ocho de la mañana. Terminal 4.</p><p>El próximo autobús sale __________________________________________________________</p><p>Sunali llega a Salamanca _________________________________________________________</p><p>Andrea Wu llega a las seis y veintidós de la tarde. Terminal 4.</p><p>El próximo autobús sale __________________________________________________________</p><p>Andrea llega a Salamanca ________________________________________________________</p><p>David Blye llega a las diez menos veinticinco de la noche. Terminal 1.</p><p>El próximo autobús sale __________________________________________________________</p><p>David llega a Salamanca _________________________________________________________</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>80</p><p>Origen MADRID</p><p>AEROPUERTO Destino SALAMANCA</p><p>13:00 Barajas—T1 15:45—Salamanca</p><p>Salida Llegada Aprox.</p><p>15:00 Barajas—T1 17:45—Salamanca</p><p>13:15 Barajas—T4 15:45—Salamanca</p><p>15:15 Barajas—T4 17:45—Salamanca</p><p>17:00 Barajas—T1 19:35—Salamanca</p><p>17:15 Barajas—T4 19:35—Salamanca</p><p>19:00 Barajas—T1 21:45—Salamanca</p><p>19:15 Barajas—T4 21:45—Salamanca</p><p>21:00 Barajas—T1 23:45—Salamanca</p><p>21:15 Barajas—T4 23:45—Salamanca</p><p>22:00 Barajas—T1 00:45—Salamanca</p><p>22:15 Barajas—T4 00:45—Salamanca</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/belenko/5605189065/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>81</p><p>Before moving on to Chapter 3, reflect upon what you can do with the language.</p><p>Check off all of the things on the list below that you can do.</p><p>For any actions you cannot yet do, review the topic and seek out additional</p><p>resources such as tutoring, extra help from your instructor, online materials, etc.</p><p>After completing this chapter, I can:</p><p> Distinguish between the different subject pronouns.</p><p> Produce written and spoken sentences describing myself</p><p>and others using the verb ser (to be) and adjectives that</p><p>describe personality and physical characteristics.</p><p> Employ the use of numbers between 0 and 100 to ask and</p><p>answer questions.</p><p> Express posession using the verb tener.</p><p> Produce written and spoken sentences describing myself</p><p>and others using the verb estar (to be) and adjectives that</p><p>describe conditions, emotions, and feelings.</p><p> Describe the location of places on campus in relation to one</p><p>another.</p><p> Discuss the world around me using the calendar, clock, and</p><p>expressions for weather.</p><p> Test my theories and assumptions about Spanish by using</p><p>the language even when I am uncertain whether I am using</p><p>it correctly.</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>82</p><p>¡A reflexionar sobre los objectivos!</p><p>Goal setting, Paso 1. As we are working to be our best language learners, we need to regular ly</p><p>check in on our progress toward our goals. Use the questions below to reflect upon the goals you set</p><p>for yourself at the beginning of the chapter.</p><p>My two short term goals were:</p><p>1. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p> Did you follow your action plan? In what way(s)? What worked? What didn’t work?</p><p> _______ I have achieved this goal/ ________ I made progress toward this goal/</p><p>_______ I have not made progress toward this goal and should make a revision to my goal</p><p>or my action plan.</p><p>2. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p> Did you follow your action plan? In what way(s)? What worked? What didn’t work?</p><p> _______ I have achieved this goal/ ________ I made progress toward this goal/</p><p>_______ I have not made progress toward this goal and should make a revision to my goal</p><p>or my action plan.</p><p>My one long-term goal was:</p><p>3. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p> Did you follow your action plan? In what way(s)? What worked? What didn’t work?</p><p> _______ I have achieved this goal/ ________ I made progress toward this goal/</p><p>_______ I have not made progress toward this goal and should make a revision to my goal</p><p>or my action plan.</p><p>How do you feel about your initial greatest fear about learning Spanish? Better? Worse? Why?</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>83</p><p>¡A revisar los objectivos!</p><p>Goal setting, Paso 2. Before moving on to the next chapter, take a moment to update your goals</p><p>and/or action plans. It is okay to keep goals that you set for yourself previously if you are still</p><p>working toward them.</p><p>My two short term goals with action plans:</p><p>1. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p></p><p>2. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p></p><p>My one long-term goal with an action plan:</p><p>3. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p></p><p>Study strategies I find useful:</p><p>New study strategies I could try:</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>84</p><p>V o c a b u l a r i o d e l C a p í t u l o 2</p><p>Español Inglés</p><p>A To / At (only with time)</p><p>A la(s) ___:___ At ____ o’clock</p><p>A la derecha (de) To the right (of)</p><p>A la izquierda (de) To the left (of)</p><p>Abril April</p><p>Aburrid@ Bored/ Boring</p><p>Activ@ Active</p><p>Agosto August</p><p>Al lado de Next to</p><p>Allí There (pointing)</p><p>Aquí Here</p><p>Atractiv@ Attractive</p><p>Avergonzad@ Embarrassed</p><p>Baj@ Short (in stature)</p><p>Calvo Bald</p><p>Cansad@ Tired</p><p>Cerca (de) Close (to)</p><p>Conservador(a/es/as) Conservative</p><p>Content@ Happy/ Content</p><p>De buen/ mal humor In a good/ bad mood</p><p>De la mañana/ tarde/ noche In the morning/ afternoon/</p><p>evening (when a time is given).</p><p>Use “por” instead of “de” if no</p><p>time is given.</p><p>Diciembre December</p><p>Domingo Sunday</p><p>Él He</p><p>Ella She</p><p>Ellas They (all women)</p><p>Ellos They (all men, mixed group)</p><p>Emocionad@ Excited</p><p>En In/ at/ on</p><p>En punto On the dot</p><p>Enamorad@ In love</p><p>Enero January</p><p>Enfadad@ Mad/ Angry (Spain)</p><p>Enferm@ Sick</p><p>Enojad@ Mad/ Angry (Latin America)</p><p>Español Inglés</p><p>Está despejado It’s clear</p><p>Está granizando It’s hailing</p><p>Está lloviendo It’s raining</p><p>Está nevando It’s snowing</p><p>Está nublado It’s cloudy</p><p>Está soleado It’s sunny</p><p>La estación Season</p><p>Estar To be (state of being &</p><p>location)</p><p>Febrero February</p><p>La fecha The date</p><p>Feliz Happy</p><p>El fin de semana/</p><p>Los fines de semana</p><p>The weekend(s)</p><p>Gord@ Fat</p><p>Hace fresco It’s brisk/ chilly</p><p>Hace (mucho) calor It’s (very) hot</p><p>Hace (mucho) frío It’s (very) cold</p><p>Hace (mucho) sol It’s (very) sunny</p><p>Hace (mucho) viento It’s (very) windy</p><p>Hace (muy) buen tiempo It’s (very) good weather.</p><p>Hace (muy) mal tiempo It’s (very) bad weather.</p><p>Hay (mucha) humedad There’s (a lot of) humidity</p><p>Hay niebla There’s fog</p><p>Hay nubes There are clouds</p><p>Hay tormentas There are storms</p><p>Idealista Idealist/ Idealistic</p><p>Inteligente Intelligent</p><p>Interesante Interesting</p><p>Introvertid@ Introverted</p><p>El invierno Winter</p><p>Jueves Thursday</p><p>Julio July</p><p>Junio June</p><p>La temperatura está a __ grados It’s ____ degrees</p><p>Lejos (de) Far (from)</p><p>Liberal Liberal</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>85</p><p>Español Inglés</p><p>Llueve It rains/ It’s raining</p><p>Loc@ Crazy</p><p>Lunes Monday</p><p>Martes Tuesday</p><p>Marzo March</p><p>Mayo May</p><p>La medianoche Midnight</p><p>El mediodía Noon</p><p>El mes Month</p><p>Miércoles Wednesday</p><p>Moren@ Dark complexion, hair & eyes</p><p>Negr@ Black</p><p>Nervios@ Nervous</p><p>Nieva It snows/ It’s snowing</p><p>Nosotros We, males or mixed group</p><p>Nosotras We, all females</p><p>Noviembre November</p><p>Octubre October</p><p>Ocupad@ Busy</p><p>Optimista Optimist/ Optimistic</p><p>El otoño Autumn</p><p>Pelirroj@ Redhead</p><p>Pequeñ@ Small/ little</p><p>Perezos@ Lazy</p><p>Pesimista Pessimist/ Pessimistic</p><p>Pobre Poor</p><p>La primavera Spring</p><p>¡Qué calor/ frío! How hot/ cold!</p><p>Realista Realist/ Realistic</p><p>Ric@ Rich</p><p>Rubi@ Blonde</p><p>Sábado Saturday</p><p>Septiembre September</p><p>Ser To be</p><p>Son las / Es la ___:____ It’s ____ o’clock</p><p>Sorprendid@ Surprised</p><p>Tener To have</p><p>Español Inglés</p><p>Todos los días Every day</p><p>Trabajador(a/es/as) Hardworking</p><p>Tranquil@ Laid-back/ “chill”/ Tranquil</p><p>Triste Sad</p><p>Tú You, informal</p><p>Usted You, formal</p><p>Ustedes You all/ you guys</p><p>(plural “you” Latin America)</p><p>(formal plural “you” Spain)</p><p>Vosotr@s You all/ “ya’ll”</p><p>(informal plural “you” Spain—</p><p>more common than ustedes)</p><p>Va a llover/nevar It’s going to rain/ snow</p><p>El verano Summer</p><p>Viernes Friday</p><p>Yo I</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>86</p><p>Vocabulario Personalizado</p><p>Words you looked up / Words that came up in class</p><p>Español Inglés</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>87</p><p>Capítulo Tres</p><p>Cada año en marzo, la gente de Valencia, España celebra unas fiestas</p><p>llamadas Las Fallas. Hay cinco días de fiesta (15—19 de marzo), con</p><p>desfiles y espectáculos pirotécnicos. En preparación para las fiestas,</p><p>cada barrio de Valencia construye una gran escultura de papel maché</p><p>llamada un ninot. Más o menos, hay 750 barrios que participan. Los</p><p>ninots cuestan mucho dinero y los artistas pasan meses creándolos.</p><p>Hay un concurso para elegir el mejor ninot de la ciudad. La noche del</p><p>19 de marzo, alrededor de la medianoche, se queman todos los ninots</p><p>(menos el que gana el concurso). Las Fallas vienen de una tradición</p><p>pagana en la cual se quemaba la basura del invierno para celebrar la</p><p>llegada de la primavera. Ahora, es una fiesta dedicada a San José y es</p><p>un símbolo de la renovación y renacimiento que trae la primavera.</p><p>Con esta fiesta, los valencianos se olvidan del estrés y de los errores</p><p>del año pasado.</p><p>Y tú, como estudiante de español, debes aprender a despedirte de los</p><p>errores. Cada error es una oportunidad de aprender— nadie aprende a</p><p>hablar una lengua extranjera sin cometer miles y miles de errores.</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/rwoan/18997775435/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>88</p><p>Before beginning this chapter, it is important to recognize which skills and tasks you will</p><p>be expected to learn to perform. Do you already have some previous skills or knowledge</p><p>in these areas that you can use to your advantage? Are there any topics that you foresee</p><p>being difficult? If so, it is a good idea to pursue additional assistance to get ahead of any</p><p>potential issues. You are the master of your education—you have the power to take</p><p>ownership of your learning!</p><p>After completing this chapter, I will be able to:</p><p> Recall vocabulary related to –AR verbs</p><p> Interpret questions using –AR verbs</p><p> Conjugate –AR verbs to ask questions and express my thoughts and</p><p>ideas</p><p> Express my thoughts and ideas using two-verb constructions</p><p> Discuss things that I have to do</p><p> Recall question words</p><p> Create questions using question words and without using question</p><p>words</p><p> Recall vocabulary related to –ER and –IR verbs</p><p> Interpret questions using regular and irregular –ER and -IR verbs</p><p> Conjugate regular and irregular –ER and –IR verbs to ask questions</p><p>and express my thoughts and ideas</p><p> Recognize the value in making mistakes</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>89</p><p>Pre-chapter activity</p><p>Pre-actvity: An important part of this chapter involves using verbs to discuss actions that</p><p>we commonly do, as well as learning to manipulate verbs in order to reflect who is doing the</p><p>action. In this activity, you will interpret information from a dating profile and reflect upon what</p><p>you learn about this person. You will then create a similar statement about yourself, which you</p><p>will then relay to a partner. When your partner relays their information to you, you will make</p><p>note of the information they share with you.</p><p>During-activity:</p><p>Paso uno: Read the excerpt below from a person’s dating profile.</p><p>Tengo 32 años. Bailo salsa. Cocino muy bien. Viajo a México una vez por año.</p><p>Estudio medicina. No tomo drogas. Leo muchos libros y escribo poemas de amor.</p><p>¿Buscas a alguien como yo?</p><p>Paso dos: Respond to the following questions for reflection.</p><p>1. ¿Te interesa esta persona? __________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Por qué sí o por qué no? __________________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿Qué tienes en común con esta persona? _______________________________________</p><p>________________________________________________________________________</p><p>4. ¿Qué no tienes en común con esta persona? _____________________________________</p><p>________________________________________________________________________</p><p>5. What do you notice that many of the verbs they use have in common? ________________</p><p>________________________________________________________________________</p><p>Paso tres: Based on what you have seen so far, write three sentences about what you do. Write</p><p>one sentence about what you do not do.</p><p>__________________________________________________________________________</p><p>__________________________________________________________________________</p><p>__________________________________________________________________________</p><p>__________________________________________________________________________</p><p>__________________________________________________________________________</p><p>__________________________________________________________________________</p><p>__________________________________________________________________________</p><p>__________________________________________________________________________</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>90</p><p>During-activity, continued:</p><p>Paso cuatro: Without looking at the sentences you have written, tell a partner about what you do</p><p>and don’t do. Record yourself using your smartphone, listen to it, and consider any</p><p>necessary revisions. Then, tell your partner your personal information again. Record this</p><p>second round as well. Switch roles and repeat the process for your partner.</p><p>Paso cinco: Interpret the information your partner shares with you, writing out what you hear in</p><p>Spanish and then writing the English equivalent.</p><p>Post-activity: Exchange papers and double check that your partner was able to correctly</p><p>interpret the personal information that you shared with them. Lastly, each of you will listen</p><p>to both of the recordings you made and compare your Round 1 recording to your Round 2</p><p>recording, listening for improvements and making note of anything that remains uncertain.</p><p>Ask your instructor for help with any questions you have!</p><p>Español Inglés</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>91</p><p>-AR verbs</p><p>-o</p><p>-as</p><p>-a</p><p>-amos</p><p>-áis</p><p>-an</p><p>-AR regular verb endings</p><p>Verbos con –AR: Verbs with –AR</p><p>Hablar ______________________________</p><p>Tocar________________________________</p><p>Escuchar_____________________________</p><p>Tomar_______________________________</p><p>Esperar______________________________</p><p>Cantar_______________________________</p><p>Limpiar______________________________</p><p>Lavar _______________________________</p><p>Cocinar______________________________</p><p>Bailar________________________________</p><p>Buscar_______________________________</p><p>Comprar_____________________________</p><p>Trabajar______________________________</p><p>Viajar_______________________________</p><p>Necesitar ____________________________</p><p>Estudiar______________________________</p><p>Descansar____________________________</p><p>Mirar________________________________</p><p>Miranda y José</p><p>bailan en la plaza.</p><p>Sofía cocina un plato</p><p>típico de su país.</p><p>https://youtu.be/YIeFfHkj14o</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/pustovit/14365605619/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/yalin_cyp/2152210169/sizes/o/</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>92</p><p>To conjugate regular –AR verbs in the present tense, take off the –ar and add the appropriate</p><p>ending, based on the subject (the do-er of the action).</p><p>I dance = Bailar >>> Bailo</p><p>They travel = Viajar >>> Viajan</p><p>To make a sentence negative, put “no” in front of the conjugated verb.</p><p>I don’t dance = No bailo</p><p>They don’t travel = No viajan</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1</p><p>Rellenar el espacio. Choose which verb fits best, then</p><p>conjugate it based on the subject to complete the sentence.</p><p>1. Mateo ______________________ mucho porque quiere</p><p>sacar una A en la clase de cálculo. (Buscar/ Estudiar)</p><p>2. Daniel y Pablo______________________ en un</p><p>restaurante elegante. (Comprar/ Trabajar)</p><p>3. Tú______________________ salsa, ¿no? (Hablar/ Bailar)</p><p>4. Verónica y Rodrigo______________________ karaoke los</p><p>fines de semana. (Tomar/ Cantar)</p><p>5. Yo______________________café cada mañana. (Tomar/</p><p>Trabajar)</p><p>6. Usted ______________________ a Chile todos los</p><p>veranos, ¿verdad? (Esperar/ Viajar)</p><p>7. Mis abuelos no______________________ porque están</p><p>jubilados*. *retired (Escuchar/ Trabajar)</p><p>8. Santiago y yo______________________ muchos</p><p>instrumentos. Nuestra banda se llama “Santi y los</p><p>Supermans.” (Cantar/ Tocar).</p><p>9. Mi abuela ______________________ ruso. (Hablar/</p><p>Descansar)</p><p>10. Yo _______________________ los fines de semana</p><p>porque no tengo clase. (Necesitar/ Descansar)</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/vineetradhakrishnan/6351001066/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/madichan/5394257791/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/carolinandrea_pg/14753428965/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>93</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2</p><p>Preguntas personales. Answer the following questions using –AR verbs. Be sure to conjugate so</p><p>that you will have a complete sentence! Then, interview a classmate in Spanish.</p><p>Audio Video</p><p>¿Hablas otra lengua? ________________________________________________________________</p><p>¿Tocas algún instrumento?___________________________________________________________</p><p>¿Cantas en el carro?_________________________________________________________________</p><p>¿Bailas mucho?____________________________________________________________________</p><p>¿Estudias mucho?___________________________________________________________________</p><p>¿Trabajas?________________________________________________________________________</p><p>¿Cocinas bien?_____________________________________________________________________</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 3</p><p>Challenge! Look back at our vocabulary list on page 68 and identify the three verbs you feel</p><p>least comfortable with. Then, write a sentence for each, making them as personal as possible. The</p><p>more you personalize the language, the better you will remember it!</p><p>Por ejemplo: Y o limpio la casa los sábados y lavo la ropa los domingos.</p><p>1. El verbo: ________________________</p><p>La frase: __________________________________________________________________</p><p>2. El verbo: ________________________</p><p>La frase: __________________________________________________________________</p><p>3. El verbo: ________________________</p><p>La frase: __________________________________________________________________</p><p>https://youtu.be/WLN9AbzYy9M</p><p>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIU5JqMRlTw</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/go_greener_oz/4356090774/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/thomashawk/2636616238/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/jennerally/28353089/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>94</p><p>Submarino. The object of this game is to find the location of you classmate’s submarinos. First,</p><p>draw four submarinos on your grid and keep them a secret from your partner. To guess a square on</p><p>your partner’s grid, conjugate the –AR verbs from the top row based on a subject given in the</p><p>left-hand column. If there is a submarino in that square, your partner will say, “Lo acertaste”</p><p>(you hit it). If there is no submarino, your partner will respond, “Fallaste” (You missed). Take turns,</p><p>and keep track of hits and misses on your grid. The first person to locate all four submarinos wins!</p><p>Limpiar</p><p>Cantar Descansar Tocar la</p><p>guitarra</p><p>Yo</p><p>Tú</p><p>Javier</p><p>Nosotros</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/stasiland/6738822425/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/madichan/5383904776/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/reinis/3274182866/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/yngvenilsen/3272387212/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>95</p><p>Two-verb constructions</p><p>When you have two verbs that are directly linked to one another in the same phrase*, the first</p><p>verb will be conjugated and the second verb will remain in the infinitive.</p><p>A good pointer is that if you want to say “To _(action)_,” leave the verb in the infinitive.</p><p>Max quiere caminar en la playa.</p><p>1st verb conjugated</p><p>2nd verb remains</p><p>in the infinitive</p><p>You need To study</p><p>Necesitas estudiar</p><p>He wants To travel</p><p>Quiere viajar</p><p>I like To cook</p><p>Me gusta cocinar</p><p>If your verbs are not directly linked, conjugate each action.</p><p>Mi esposo trabaja y estudia.</p><p>When your sentence takes a turn with a conjunction (connector word) and you initiate a new</p><p>phrase, you will need to conjugate the first verb again. Watch out for signs you are starting a</p><p>new phrase like:</p><p>Porque—because</p><p>Yo necesito estudiar mucho porque quiero sacar buenas notas.</p><p>Cuando—when</p><p>Mis estudiantes necesitan estudiar mucho cuando tienen un examen.</p><p>Y—and</p><p>Juana canta y baila en un grupo folklórico.</p><p>Pero—but</p><p>Yo quiero viajar a México, pero no tengo suficiente dinero.</p><p>*This is true when the subject (do-er of the action) is the same person. We have a different</p><p>mood (the subjunctive) when there is a change in subject, which we will see later.</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/rswatski/8136195560/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>96</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 5</p><p>Mis preferencias. Answer the following questions about what you like and don ’t like to do.</p><p>Then, use the questions provided to interview a classmate. Lastly, answer the questions about what</p><p>things you like or dislike that you have in common.</p><p>Paso uno: Check cierto or falso based on your preferences.</p><p>1. Me gusta hablar por teléfono………………...………………. ______ ______</p><p>2. Me gusta tocar la guitarra…………………………………….______ ______</p><p>3. Me gusta estudiar los sábados………………………………..______ ______</p><p>4. Me gusta mirar la televisión por la noche.…………….……..______ ______</p><p>5. Me gusta cantar en el carro.……………………………...…..______ ______</p><p>6. Me gusta hablar en público.…………………………….……..______ ______</p><p>Paso dos: Interview your partner, then check cierto or falso based on their preferences.</p><p>1. ¿Te gusta hablar por teléfono?……………………….….……..______ ______</p><p>2. ¿Te gusta tocar la guitarra?…………………………..….……..______ ______</p><p>3. ¿Te gusta estudiar los sábados?………………………….……..______ ______</p><p>4. ¿Te gusta mirar la televisión por la noche?…….……….……..______ ______</p><p>5. ¿Te gusta cantar en el carro?…………………………….……..______ ______</p><p>6. ¿Te gusta hablar en público?…………………………….……..______ ______</p><p>Paso tres: check cierto or falso based on your shared preferences.</p><p>1. Nos gusta hablar por teléfono.…………………………..……..______ ______</p><p>2. Nos gusta tocar la guitarra.…………………………….…..…..______ ______</p><p>3. Nos gusta estudiar los sábados.………………………….……..______ ______</p><p>4. Nos gusta mirar la televisión por la noche.………...…….…….______ ______</p><p>5. Nos gusta cantar en el carro.……………….…….…….……....______ ______</p><p>6. Nos gusta hablar en público.……………….…….….…….……______ ______</p><p>Cierto Falso</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>97</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 6</p><p>Preguntas personales. Answer the following questions using two verbs: the first conjugated</p><p>and the second in the infinitive. Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿Qué necesitas comprar para las clases?</p><p>___________________________________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Qué quieres hacer</p><p>(to do) esta noche (tonight)?</p><p>___________________________________________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿Qué no quieres hacer esta noche?</p><p>___________________________________________________________________________</p><p>4. ¿Quieres viajar a Perú algún día (someday)?</p><p>___________________________________________________________________________</p><p>5. ¿Prefieres tomar café o tomar té?</p><p>___________________________________________________________________________</p><p>Tener + que + infinitive</p><p>One very common expression using a conjugated verb with an infinitive is tener que infinitivo,</p><p>which means “To have to __________________.” Conjugate tener based on who has the obligation,</p><p>insert the word que, then use the infinitive for whatever activity has to be done.</p><p>Por ejemplo:</p><p>Yo tengo que estudiar esta noche.</p><p>¿Tienes que visitar a los padres hoy?</p><p>Raúl tiene que trabajar mucho este fin de semana.</p><p>Mis amigos tienen que estudiar para su clase de biología. Tengo que cambiar el aceite de mi carro.</p><p>https://youtu.be/te6coUjrRXk</p><p>https://youtu.be/Kkw14_rwmDI</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/ubclibrary/2702161578/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/webethere/7708778202/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>98</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 7</p><p>¿Qué tienen que hacer los estudiantes? What do students have to do? Determine whether or</p><p>not college students have to do the following activities in order to get good grades. If one of the</p><p>activities is not something a student has to do, change a detail in the sentence to make it true. Be</p><p>prepared to discuss your answers with a partner and as a class.</p><p>1. Los estudiantes tienen que pasar mucho tiempo en Facebook……………….…….</p><p>2. Los estudiantes tienen que ir a la biblioteca para buscar información……………...</p><p>3. Los estudiantes tienen que comprar muchos libros…………………………………</p><p>4. Los estudiantes tienen que visitar a los profesores durante sus horas de consulta….</p><p>5. Los estudiantes tienen que mirar muchas realidades en la televisión……………….</p><p>6. Los estudiantes tienen que estudiar sesenta horas por semana…………………….</p><p>7. Los estudiantes tienen que descansar los fines de semana………………………….</p><p>8. Los estudiantes tienen que cantar en la clase de español…………………………...</p><p>9. Los estudiantes tienen que escuchar a los profesores……………………………….</p><p>10. Los estudiantes tienen que tomar muchas bebidas cafeinadas……………………..</p><p>Sí No</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/83633410@N07/7658284016/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/16210667@N02/28034487621/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>99</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 8</p><p>¿Qué tienes que hacer? What do you have to do? Answer the following questions using the tener</p><p>que infinitivo expression about your obligations. If you do not have to do something, just put “no” in</p><p>front of your conjugated verb (in this case, in front of tengo). Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿Tienes que hablar en la clase de español?</p><p>_____________________________________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Tienes que trabajar esta noche?</p><p>_____________________________________________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿Tienes que limpiar la casa este fin de semana?</p><p>_____________________________________________________________________________</p><p>4. ¿Tienes que estudiar más de diez horas por semana?</p><p>_____________________________________________________________________________</p><p>5. ¿Tienes que comprar algo (something) en el supermercado?</p><p>_____________________________________________________________________________</p><p>Note: There are a couple of common expressions that use this tener que infinitivo expression.</p><p>Tengo mucho que hacer: I have a lot to do.</p><p>No tengo nada que hacer: I don’t have anything to do.</p><p>You can change your conjugation of tener to reflect “you have to” or “we have to,” etc.</p><p>Estoy muy aburrido. No tengo nada que hacer. Clase, hoy tenemos mucho que hacer.</p><p>https://youtu.be/tKbOsnpEorE</p><p>https://youtu.be/CnHC3sEEODk</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/eltpics/7550213772/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/benrussell/1477899923/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>100</p><p>Forming Questions</p><p>There are several ways to ask questions in Spanish. Depending on the question, you may use</p><p>palabras interrogativas (question words), or you may not. This lesson will be divided into two</p><p>parts: Asking questions using interrogative words and asking questions without interrogative words.</p><p>Las palabras interrogativas: Question Words</p><p>¿Qué? ___________________________________ ¿Qué clases tienes?</p><p>¿Cómo? _________________________________ ¿Cómo se prepara el flan de queso?</p><p>¿Cuándo? ________________________________ ¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?</p><p>¿Dónde? _________________________________ ¿Dónde viven tus padres?</p><p>¿Adónde? ___________________________ ¿Adónde vas después de clases?</p><p>¿De dónde? __________________________ ¿De dónde eres?</p><p>¿Por qué? ________________________________ ¿Por qué estudias tanto?</p><p>¿Quién? _________________________________ ¿Quién es tu profesor(a) de español?</p><p>¿Quiénes? ___________________________ ¿Quiénes son tus profesores este año?</p><p>¿Cuál? ___________________________________ ¿Cuál es tu libro favorito?</p><p>¿Cuáles? ____________________________ ¿Cuáles son tus películas favoritas?</p><p>¿Cuánto? _________________________________ ¿Cuánto estudias?</p><p>¿Cuánto? ____________________________ ¿Cuánto dinero tiene Bill Gates?</p><p>¿Cuánta?_____________________________ ¿Cuánta comida hay en la fiesta?</p><p>¿Cuántos? ___________________________ _ ¿Cuántos amigos tienes en Facebook?</p><p>¿Cuántas?____________________________ ¿Cuántas clases tienes?</p><p>A note about ¿Cuál? and ¿Cuáles?</p><p>¿Cuál? and ¿Cuáles? cannot be followed immediately by a noun.</p><p>As you can see in the examples, each is followed by a verb.</p><p>If you want to say something like Which shirt do you like best?, with</p><p>a noun immediately following Which?, use ¿Qué? instead of ¿Cuál?:</p><p>¿Qué camiseta te gusta más: la roja o la azul?</p><p>https://youtu.be/CnHC3sEEODk</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/sportiqe/15186690596/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/sportiqe/15023141837/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>101</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 9</p><p>Rellenar el espacio. Use clues from the questions and the answers to fill in the blank with an</p><p>interrogative word.</p><p>1. ¿______________ es tu mejor amigo/a?.... Es Alma.</p><p>2. ¿______________ se prepara la pasta italiana?.... Se prepara con salsa de tomate y ajo (garlic).</p><p>3. ¿De ______________ son tus abuelos?…. Mi abuelo es de Rusia y mi abuela es de Hungría.</p><p>4. ¿______________ es tu sabor de helado favorito?.... Mi sabor de helado favorito es chocolate.</p><p>5. ¿______________ trabajas tanto?... Porque necesito dinero para las clases.</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 0</p><p>Preguntas personales. Answer the questions below in Spanish, then interview a classmate.</p><p>Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿Dónde estudias?</p><p>________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Por qué estudias español?</p><p>________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿Cuándo estudias?</p><p>________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>4. ¿Cuánto cuesta un libro de texto típico?</p><p>________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>5. ¿Dónde trabajas?</p><p>________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>6. ¿Cuál es tu clase favorita?</p><p>________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/stewart/99129170/sizes/l</p><p>https://youtu.be/tKbOsnpEorE</p><p>https://youtu.be/s9Of5q4qHPE</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>102</p><p>There are three ways to ask questions without using an interrogative word.</p><p>Let’s start with a phrase like: Alejandro es de Guadalajara.</p><p>Opción</p><p>1: Invert the subject and verb (put the subject after the verb).</p><p>¿Es Alejandro de Guadalajara?</p><p>When you invert the subject and verb, you are asking a genuine question.</p><p>Is Alejandro from Guadalajara?</p><p>Opción 2: Tag the end of a sentence: use no or verdad at the end of the sentence to say, “right?”</p><p>Alejandro es de Guadalajara, ¿no?</p><p>Alejandro es de Guadalajara, ¿verdad?</p><p>Alejandro no* es de Chile, ¿verdad?</p><p>*If a sentence is negative, use verdad. Affirmative sentences can use either option.</p><p>When you tag the end of a sentence, you are fairly confident that you know the</p><p>answer and are just asking your audience to confirm that you are correct.</p><p>Alejandro is from Guadalajara, right?</p><p>Alejandro is not from Chile, right?</p><p>Opción 3: Rising intonation (say it like a question).</p><p>¿Alejandro es de Guadalajara?</p><p>When you put the subject in front of the verb, it adds an element of surprise or doubt.</p><p>For instance, with our current example it sound like I was surprised to hear that</p><p>Alejandro was from Guadalajara because I though he was from la Ciudad de México.</p><p>Alejandro is from Guadalajara?</p><p>However, if you do not state the subject, you don’t need to worry about this. I could</p><p>just ask you, “¿Trabajas mucho?” or “¿Estudias en casa o en la biblioteca?” Because I</p><p>didn’t put the “tú” anywhere in the sentence, I don’t need to worry about the order.</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/jorge_269/7696606232/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>103</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 1</p><p>Tres opciones. Take each statement you see at the bottom of the activity and alter it to:</p><p>Confirm what you already believe to be true:</p><p>Act a bit surprised:</p><p>Ask a genuine question:</p><p>Tus clases son interesantes.</p><p>Jorge trabaja en un restaurante.</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 2</p><p>Veinte preguntas. Think of a well-known celebrity but do not tell your partner who it is. Your</p><p>partner will ask you yes/no questions in an effort to guess your celebrity. You get 1 point for every</p><p>question they ask before guessing the celebrity. Then, switch roles to guess your partner’s celebrity.</p><p>The person with the most points at the end of both rounds wins!</p><p>Por ejemplo:</p><p>¿Es mujer?</p><p>¿Está viv@? (alive)</p><p>¿Es de los Estados Unidos?</p><p>¿Es alto/a?</p><p>¿Es rubi@?</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>104</p><p>-ER and –IR verbs</p><p>-ER and –IR regular verb endings</p><p>-o</p><p>-es</p><p>-e</p><p>-emos/ -imos</p><p>-éis/ -ís</p><p>-en</p><p>Verbos con –ER & -IR: ER & IR verbs</p><p>Comer _______________________________</p><p>Beber________________________________</p><p>Leer_________________________________</p><p>Vender_______________________________</p><p>Correr________________________________</p><p>Aprender _____________________________</p><p>+ a + infinitivo ____________________</p><p>Creer_________________________________</p><p>+ en ____________________________</p><p>+ que ___________________________</p><p>Deber________________________________</p><p>+ infinitivo _______________________</p><p>Abrir_________________________________</p><p>Escribir_______________________________</p><p>Vivir_________________________________</p><p>Recibir_______________________________</p><p>Compartir_____________________________</p><p>Asistir a ______________________________</p><p>Sarita come un durazno.</p><p>Yo escribo poemas en mi tiempo libre.</p><p>https://youtu.be/pUKXiHeWq2A</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/savannahgrandfather/3110488970/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/10154402@N03/8421806383/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>105</p><p>To conjugate regular –ER and –IR verbs in the present tense, take off the –ER or –IR and add the</p><p>appropriate ending, based on the subject (the do-er of the action).</p><p>I eat = Comer >>> Como</p><p>We run = Correr >>> Corremos</p><p>He sells = Vender >>> Vende</p><p>She writes = Escribir >>> Escribe</p><p>You (informal) share = Compartir >>> Compartes</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 3</p><p>Rellenar el espacio. Choose which verb fits best, then</p><p>conjugate it based on the subject to complete the sentence.</p><p>1. Yo ____________________ tres kilómetros cada día.</p><p>(Comer/ Correr)</p><p>2. Mi hermana __________________ novelas por la noche.</p><p>(Leer/ Aprender)</p><p>3. Mis hijos _____________________ limpiar sus cuartos.</p><p>(Beber/ Deber)</p><p>4. Mi esposo y yo _________________ en la ciudad.</p><p>(Vender/ vivir)</p><p>5. Para mi cumpleaños, yo ___________________ flores</p><p>de mis padres. (Escribir/ Recibir)</p><p>6. No me gusta __________________ mi comida cuando</p><p>estoy en un restaurante. (Creer/ Compartir)</p><p>7. Mis amigos y yo ___________________ ____ la</p><p>universidad. (Aprender a/ Asistir a)</p><p>8. Mis estudiantes ___________________ el libro de</p><p>español todos los días. (Vender/ Abrir)</p><p>9. Yo no _____________ leche. No me gusta.</p><p>(Comer/ Beber)</p><p>10. Mis hijos ____________ en las hadas. (Correr/ Creer)</p><p>11. ¿_________ tú que es necesario estudiar todos los días?</p><p>(Leer/ Creer)</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/34536315@N04/3365337619/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/silvertje/6452955685/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/10647023@N04/7546143882/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>106</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 4</p><p>Preguntas personales. Answer the following questions using –ER and –IR verbs. Be sure to</p><p>conjugate so that you will have a complete sentence! Then, interview a classmate in Spanish.</p><p>Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿Lees recreativamente? _________________________________________________________</p><p>¿Qué te gusta leer? ________________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Qué comes en un día típico?______________________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿Bebes suficiente agua?___________________________________________________________</p><p>4. ¿Aprendes mucho en tus clases?____________________________________________________</p><p>5. ¿Escribes poemas?_______________________________________________________________</p><p>6. ¿Te gusta correr?________________________________________________________________</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 5</p><p>1.</p><p>¡A describir! Describe what you see in each photo. Describe the photo in detail, so feel free to</p><p>use –AR verbs, times of day, weather expressions and “hay” for review. Be creative! Compare</p><p>your descriptions with a partner, looking for extra details to add. Be prepared to share!</p><p>2.</p><p>3.</p><p>https://youtu.be/t85rpWUuSI8</p><p>https://youtu.be/_AjWJy70qB8</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/antoniomarinsegovia/34560946722/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/10647023@N04/33985300704/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/wonderlane/13771756665/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>107</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 6</p><p>Bingo Humano. Use –ER and –IR verbs to ask your classmates questions in the tú form. Answer</p><p>with the yo form. When you receive an affirmative answer from someone, fill in their name. You</p><p>may only use the name of each classmate once before you move on to talk with someone else. Try</p><p>to get as many “BINGO’s” as you can in the time given.</p><p>__________</p><p>recibe flores</p><p>con frecuencia.</p><p>__________</p><p>corre mucho.</p><p>__________</p><p>come pizza con</p><p>frecuencia.</p><p>__________</p><p>no bebe leche.</p><p>__________</p><p>debe limpiar</p><p>su cuarto.</p><p>__________</p><p>no vive en</p><p>esta ciudad.</p><p>__________</p><p>asiste a la escuela</p><p>secundaria</p><p>también.</p><p>__________</p><p>lee novelas de</p><p>ciencia ficción.</p><p>__________</p><p>bebe café</p><p>todos los días.</p><p>__________</p><p>escribe canciones.</p><p>(songs)</p><p>__________</p><p>debe lavar los</p><p>platos.</p><p>__________</p><p>lee el periódico.</p><p>__________</p><p>recibe más de</p><p>cincuenta</p><p>mensajes de</p><p>texto cada día.</p><p>__________</p><p>no corre.</p><p>__________</p><p>no bebe</p><p>mucho café.</p><p>__________</p><p>come</p><p>sándwiches de</p><p>pavo (turkey).</p><p>__________</p><p>no lee mucho</p><p>para las</p><p>clases.</p><p>__________</p><p>no vende sus</p><p>libros de</p><p>texto.</p><p>__________</p><p>no recibe</p><p>flores.</p><p>__________</p><p>comparte su</p><p>comida en un</p><p>restaurante.</p><p>__________</p><p>toward each goal</p><p>do you see? As we move along, do you need to scale down any of your goals? Or do you need to</p><p>advance any of your goals?</p><p>Two short term goals, with an action plan to help you get there:</p><p>1. ________________________________________________________________________________</p><p></p><p>2. ________________________________________________________________________________</p><p></p><p>One long-term goal, with an action plan to help you get there:</p><p>3. ________________________________________________________________________________</p><p></p><p>What is your greatest fear about learning Spanish at this time?</p><p>What can you do to overcome that fear?</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>8</p><p>Before beginning this chapter, it is important to recognize which skills and tasks you will</p><p>be expected to learn to perform. Do you already have some previous skills or knowledge</p><p>in these areas that you can use to your advantage? Are there any topics that you foresee</p><p>being difficult? If so, it is a good idea to pursue additional assistance to get ahead of any</p><p>potential issues. You are the master of your education—you have the power to take</p><p>ownership of your learning!</p><p>After completing this chapter, I will be able to:</p><p> Understand basic written and spoken greetings and goodbyes</p><p> Greet and say goodbye to another person</p><p> Apply knowledge of formal and informal situations to treat people I</p><p>meet appropriately</p><p> Understand basic introductions in written and spoken form</p><p> Introduce myself and others to another person</p><p> Recite the Spanish alphabet</p><p> Recognize letters of the Spanish alphabet when they are used to</p><p>spell words and when they are pronounced within words</p><p> Discuss differences between the Spanish and English alphabets and</p><p>pronunciation of letters</p><p> Recall the Spanish words for common class subjects</p><p> State which classes I am currently taking</p><p> Determine when to use a definite article versus when to use an</p><p>indefinite article</p><p> Recognize patterns that help determine the gender of nouns</p><p> Recall nouns related to student life, as well as their gender</p><p> Manipulate nouns to make them singular or plural</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>9</p><p>Pre-chapter activity</p><p>Pre-activity: An important part of this chapter involves introducing ourselves, as well as</p><p>discussing personal information related to student life. In this activity, you will read four emails</p><p>written by students introducing themselves to their academic advisor. These students will tell the</p><p>advisor their first and last names, as well as areas of study that interest them in order to help the</p><p>advisor plan their class schedule. Your instructor will read them aloud so that you can hear the</p><p>pronunciation of these common expressions.</p><p>Hola, buenos días. Me llamo Gloria. Mi apellido es García. Soy estudiante. Me gustan las</p><p>ciencias naturales, especialmente la biología.</p><p>Hola, buenas tardes. Me llamo Jorge. Mi apellido es López. Soy estudiante. Me gustan las</p><p>humanidades, especialmente la literatura.</p><p>Hola, buenas tardes. Me llamo Jessica. Mi apellido es Fernández. Soy estudiante. Me gustan</p><p>las matemáticas, especialmente el cálculo.</p><p>Hola, buenos días. Me llamo Alejandro. Mi apellido es Martínez. Soy estudiante. Me gustan</p><p>las lenguas extranjeras, especialmente el chino.</p><p>During-activity: Read to what the students have to say. After reading each email twice, fill</p><p>out a personal information card for each student who spoke. You will then fill out a personal</p><p>information card for yourself.</p><p>Once these personal information cards are complete, you will introduce yourself to a classmate</p><p>using phrases you learned from the student emails. Your partner will fill out the final remaining</p><p>personal information card on their sheet based on the information that you tell them. Introduce</p><p>yourself to your partner a second time. The second time, they will confirm that the information</p><p>they wrote down during the first round was correct. Now, switch roles and repeat the process for</p><p>your partner.</p><p>Post-activity: Exchange papers and double check that your partner was able to correctly</p><p>interpret the personal information that you shared with them. Make any necessary corrections.</p><p>Discuss challenges and successes you encountered in this process with your partner.</p><p>Lastly, ask your instructor for help with any questions you have!</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>10</p><p>During-activity, continued:</p><p>La información de los estudiantes:</p><p>Mi información:</p><p>La información de mi compañero/a de clase:</p><p>Nombre:</p><p>Apellido:</p><p>Intereses:</p><p>Nombre:</p><p>Apellido:</p><p>Intereses:</p><p>Nombre:</p><p>Apellido:</p><p>Intereses:</p><p>Nombre:</p><p>Apellido:</p><p>Intereses:</p><p>Nombre:</p><p>Apellido:</p><p>Intereses:</p><p>Nombre:</p><p>Apellido:</p><p>Intereses:</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>11</p><p>Los saludos</p><p>Hola _______________________________</p><p>Buenos días _________________________</p><p>Buenas tardes _______________________</p><p>Buenas noches _______________________</p><p>Buenas _____________________________</p><p>¿Qué tal? ___________________________</p><p>¿Cómo está?_________________________</p><p>¿Cómo estás?________________________</p><p>¿Cómo están?________________________</p><p>¿Cómo te/le/les va?</p><p>____________________________________</p><p>Las despedidas</p><p>Adiós _____________________________</p><p>Hasta pronto ________________________</p><p>Hasta luego_________________________</p><p>Hasta mañana_______________________</p><p>Hasta el viernes _____________________</p><p>¡Chao! ____________________________</p><p>Nos vemos _________________________</p><p>¡Cuídate! __________________________</p><p>¡Que te vaya bien!</p><p>__________________________________</p><p>¡Que le/les vaya bien!</p><p>__________________________________</p><p>Gracias, igualmente</p><p>___________________________________</p><p>Los saludos y las despedidas</p><p>Las repuestas</p><p>(Muy) bien _________________________</p><p>Todo bien ___________________________</p><p>Más o menos ________________________</p><p>Así así _____________________________</p><p>(Muy) mal __________________________</p><p>¿Y tú? _____________________________</p><p>¿Y usted? ___________________________</p><p>Gracias _____________________________</p><p>De nada _____________________________</p><p>Lo siento ___________________________</p><p>-Adiós, amiga. ¡Cuídate mucho!</p><p>-¡Hasta pronto, que te vaya bien!</p><p>https://youtu.be/k9VvapM6e2U</p><p>https://youtu.be/K_28KJEDmCc</p><p>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MK0A72IKNMo&feature=youtu.be</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/simonk/81046749/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>12</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1</p><p>Match the Spanish phrase with its English equivalent.</p><p>1. Hola</p><p>2. Buenos días</p><p>3. ¿Qué tal?</p><p>4. ¿Cómo está usted?</p><p>5. Nos vemos</p><p>6. ¿Cómo estás?</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2</p><p>¿Qué vas a decir? What will you say? Look at the clocks below and write the appropriate greeting</p><p>for that time of day.</p><p>1.</p><p>PM _________________________________________________</p><p>2.</p><p>PM ___________________________________________________</p><p>3.</p><p>AM ____________________________________________________</p><p>A. _____ How are you (formal)?</p><p>B. _____ What’s up/ How are ya?</p><p>C. _____ Good morning.</p><p>D. _____ See you later.</p><p>E. _____ How are you (informal)?</p><p>F. _____ Hello.</p><p>Hola, Ana. ¿Cómo estás?</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/markmorgantrinidad/8579287492/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/icco/24332504942/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/wiliben/4220116591/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/mirkop82/5360024879/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>13</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 3</p><p>¿Formal o informal? Look at the picture below and circle tú or usted depending</p><p>no comparte</p><p>su comida en</p><p>un</p><p>restaurante.</p><p>__________</p><p>asiste al servicio</p><p>religioso los</p><p>domingos.</p><p>__________</p><p>debe estudiar</p><p>más para la clase</p><p>de español.</p><p>__________</p><p>cree que la</p><p>familia es lo</p><p>más</p><p>importante.</p><p>__________</p><p>aprende a tocar</p><p>la guitarra.</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>108</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 7</p><p>Submarino. The object of this game is to find the location of you classmate’s submarinos. First,</p><p>draw four submarinos on your grid and keep them a secret from your partner. To guess a square on your</p><p>partner’s grid, conjugate the –ER and –IR verbs from the top row based on a subject given in the</p><p>left-hand column. If there is a submarino in that square, your partner will say, “Lo acertaste” (you</p><p>hit it). If there is no submarino, your partner will respond, “Lo fallaste” (You missed it). Take turns, and</p><p>keep track of hits and misses on your grid. The first person to locate all four submarinos wins!</p><p>Comer muchos</p><p>vegetales</p><p>Beber jugo de</p><p>naranja</p><p>Compartir comida Vivir en Buenos</p><p>Aires, Argentina</p><p>Yo</p><p>Antonia</p><p>Tú</p><p>Mis</p><p>amigos y</p><p>yo</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/chiu223/99455555/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/purzlbaum/9373390972/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/atc/132099208/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/helenk/15240734168/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>109</p><p>Los verbos irregulares</p><p>(common –er & ir irregulars)</p><p>When verbs are “irregular,” it means that they do not conjugate following the usual pattern. Here</p><p>are some extremely common ones:</p><p>Hacer significa ______________________ o _______________________</p><p>Salir significa _______________________ o ________________________</p><p>+ a + infinitivo ____________________________________</p><p>Ver significa ________________________</p><p>Hacer: to make, to do</p><p>Salir: to leave, to go out</p><p>Ver: to see</p><p>Me gusta comer palomitas</p><p>cuando veo películas.</p><p>Renata y Leti</p><p>salen los fines</p><p>de semana.</p><p>Marcos hace</p><p>su tarea en</p><p>casa.</p><p>Hago</p><p>Haces</p><p>Hace</p><p>Hacemos</p><p>Hacéis</p><p>Hacen</p><p>Salgo</p><p>Sales</p><p>Sale</p><p>Salimos</p><p>Salís</p><p>Salen</p><p>Veo</p><p>Ves</p><p>Ve</p><p>Vemos</p><p>Véis</p><p>Ven</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/darkdwarf/11057045536/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/pat00139/6858598512/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/84568447@N00/3907452679/sizes/o/</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>110</p><p>Hacer is very commonly used in questions like, “What are you doing (right now/ tonight/</p><p>tomorrow)?” Unless you answer with something like, “I am doing my homework,” or, “I am</p><p>making a sandwich,” you will use a different verb to respond, such as I work.</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 8</p><p>Hacer. Answer the following questions related to verb hacer. Then, discuss your answers</p><p>with a classmate. Audio</p><p>1. ¿Qué haces esta noche? ___________________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Qué haces mañana? _____________________________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿Qué haces los fines de semana?____________________________________________________</p><p>4. ¿Qué hacen tus padres entre semana (during the week)?</p><p>______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>5. ¿Qué hacen tus amigos los fines de semana?</p><p>______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 9</p><p>Salir y Ver. Answer the following questions using the verbs salir and ver. Then, discuss your</p><p>answers with a classmate. Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿Sales a bailar los fines de semana? _________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Sales entre semana?_____________________________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿Salen mucho tus amigos a los bares?________________________________________________</p><p>4. ¿Ves muchas películas?___________________________________________________________</p><p>5. Cuando ves una película, ¿la ves en casa o en el cine?___________________________________</p><p>6. ¿Qué programas de televisión te gusta ver?____________________________________________</p><p>Yasmín y Raquel salen a cenar* (to eat dinner). A Miguel le gusta ver programas futuristas.</p><p>https://youtu.be/0FxPXNnpRXQ</p><p>https://youtu.be/ncL726ZdkF8</p><p>https://youtu.be/15aQ1bw0InQ</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/spokanefocus/8559939976/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/crazysphinx/4081596290/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>111</p><p>Before moving on to Chapter 4, reflect upon what you can do with the language.</p><p>Check off all of the things on the list below that you can do.</p><p>For any actions you cannot yet do, review the topic and seek out additional</p><p>resources such as tutoring, extra help from your instructor, online materials, etc.</p><p>After completing this chapter, I can:</p><p> Recall vocabulary related to –AR verbs</p><p> Interpret questions using –AR verbs</p><p> Conjugate –AR verbs to ask questions and express my</p><p>thoughts and ideas</p><p> Express my thoughts and ideas using two-verb constructions</p><p> Discuss things that I have to do</p><p> Recall question words</p><p> Create questions using question words and without using</p><p>question words</p><p> Recall vocabulary related to –ER and –IR verbs</p><p> Interpret questions using regular and irregular –ER and -IR</p><p>verbs</p><p> Conjugate regular and irregular –ER and –IR verbs to ask</p><p>questions and express my thoughts and ideas</p><p> Recognize the value in making mistakes</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>112</p><p>¡A reflexionar sobre los objectivos!</p><p>Goal setting, Paso 1. As we are working to be our best language learners, we need to regular ly</p><p>check in on our progress toward our goals. Use the questions below to reflect upon the goals you set</p><p>for yourself at the beginning of the chapter.</p><p>My two short term goals were:</p><p>1. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p> Did you follow your action plan? In what way(s)? What worked? What didn’t work?</p><p> _______ I have achieved this goal/ ________ I made progress toward this goal/</p><p>_______ I have not made progress toward this goal and should make a revision to my goal</p><p>or my action plan.</p><p>2. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p> Did you follow your action plan? In what way(s)? What worked? What didn’t work?</p><p> _______ I have achieved this goal/ ________ I made progress toward this goal/</p><p>_______ I have not made progress toward this goal and should make a revision to my goal</p><p>or my action plan.</p><p>My one long-term goal was:</p><p>3. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p> Did you follow your action plan? In what way(s)? What worked? What didn’t work?</p><p> _______ I have achieved this goal/ ________ I made progress toward this goal/</p><p>_______ I have not made progress toward this goal and should make a revision to my goal</p><p>or my action plan.</p><p>How are you feeling about making mistakes in Spanish? Do you see any benefit at this point?</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>113</p><p>¡A revisar los objectivos!</p><p>Goal setting, Paso 2. Before moving on to the next chapter, take a moment to update your goals</p><p>and/or action plans. It is okay to keep goals that you set for yourself previously if you are still</p><p>working toward them.</p><p>My two short term goals with action plans:</p><p>1. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p></p><p>2. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p></p><p>My one long-term goal with an action plan:</p><p>3. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p></p><p>Study strategies I find useful:</p><p>New study strategies I</p><p>could try:</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>114</p><p>V o c a b u l a r i o d e l C a p í t u l o 3</p><p>Español Inglés</p><p>¿Adónde? To where?</p><p>Abrir To open</p><p>Aprender To learn</p><p>Asistir a To attend</p><p>Bailar To dance</p><p>Beber To drink</p><p>Buscar To look for/ to search for</p><p>Cantar To sing</p><p>Cocinar To cook</p><p>Comer To eat</p><p>¿Cómo? How?</p><p>Compartir To share</p><p>Comprar To buy</p><p>Correr To run</p><p>Creer To believe</p><p>¿Cuál(es)? Which?</p><p>Cuando When</p><p>¿Cuándo? When?</p><p>¿Cuánto/a/os/as? How much? / How many?</p><p>¿De dónde? From where?</p><p>Deber To must/ should</p><p>Descansar To rest</p><p>¿Dónde? Where?</p><p>Escribir To write</p><p>Escuchar To listen to</p><p>Esperar To wait for/ To hope</p><p>Estudiar To study</p><p>Hablar To talk/ To speak</p><p>Hacer To make/ to do</p><p>Lavar To wash</p><p>Leer To read</p><p>Limpiar To clean</p><p>Mañana Tomorrow</p><p>Mirar To look at</p><p>Necesitar To need</p><p>Pero But</p><p>¿Por qué? Why?</p><p>Porque Because</p><p>Español Inglés</p><p>¿Qué? What?</p><p>¿Quién(es)? Who?</p><p>Recibir To receive</p><p>Salir To leave / to go out</p><p>Tener + que + infinitivo To have to ___________</p><p>Tocar To play an instrument/ to touch</p><p>Tomar To take/ To drink</p><p>Trabajar To work</p><p>Vender To sell</p><p>Ver To see</p><p>Viajar To travel</p><p>Vivir To live</p><p>Y And</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>115</p><p>Vocabulario Personalizado</p><p>Words you looked up / Words that came up in class</p><p>Español Inglés</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>116</p><p>Capítulo Cuatro</p><p>Tortuguero es un parque nacional y un área de conservación en Costa</p><p>Rica. Tortuguero es muy famoso por el desove (egg-laying) de tortugas</p><p>en sus playas, pero también hay muchas otras especies de animales como</p><p>monos, pájaros, osos perezosos, jesucristos, cocodrilos, manatíes, y</p><p>pumas. Como turista, se puede hacer un paseo en barca por el parque,</p><p>ver el desove de las tortugas, y experimentar la naturaleza de primera</p><p>mano. Sin embargo, mientras todo el mundo quiere que los turistas se</p><p>diviertan y que tengan la oportunidad de ver y apreciar las maravillas del</p><p>parque, lo más importante es que los visitantes también protejan y</p><p>conserven el ecosistema en que depende tanta flora y fauna.</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/javier_castanon/27110745213/sizes/l</p><p>https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parque_nacional_Tortuguero#/media/File:Costa_Rica_relief_location_map.jpg</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/frted/14126144276/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>117</p><p>Before beginning this chapter, it is important to recognize which skills and tasks you will</p><p>be expected to learn to perform. Do you already have some previous skills or knowledge</p><p>in these areas that you can use to your advantage? Are there any topics that you foresee</p><p>being difficult? If so, it is a good idea to pursue additional assistance to get ahead of any</p><p>potential issues. You are the master of your education—you have the power to take</p><p>ownership of your learning!</p><p>After completing this chapter, I will be able to:</p><p> Discuss places where people go for different activities, products,</p><p>and services</p><p> Express actions that will happen in the near future</p><p> Use large numbers</p><p> Express my likes and dislikes</p><p> Describe my family</p><p> Express possession</p><p> Articulate my thoughts and ideas using stem-changing verbs</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>118</p><p>Pre-chapter activity</p><p>Pre-activity: An important part of this chapter involves descr ibing where we go to do</p><p>different things or to find different products and services. In this activity, you will follow</p><p>the steps outlined below to say how often you go to certain places to do things, ultimately</p><p>comparing your habits to those of your classmates.</p><p>During-activity:</p><p>Paso uno: Read the statements below about where you go to do various activities. Use the</p><p>symbols associated with a frequency expression to state how often you do each activity.</p><p>(Casi) nunca Todos los días Cada semana Dos veces por mes</p><p>1. Yo voy a la casa de un amigo para jugar videojuegos…………..……..……..</p><p>2. Yo voy a clase para aprender …………….……………………..……..</p><p>3. Yo voy al supermercado para comprar comida………………………..……..</p><p>4. Yo voy a la heladería para comprar helado. ………….………..……..……..</p><p>5. Yo voy al centro comercial para comprar ropa.........................………..…….</p><p>6. Yo voy a la librería para comprar un libro .…………..………...……..……..</p><p>Paso dos: Use the questions provided to interview a classmate. Note their responses using the</p><p>same symbols used in Paso uno.</p><p>1. ¿Con qué frecuencia vas a la casa de un amigo para jugar videojuegos? _____________.</p><p>2. ¿Con qué frecuencia vas a clase para aprender?____________________________.</p><p>3. ¿Con qué frecuencia vas al supermercado para comprar comida?___________________.</p><p>4. ¿Con qué frecuencia vas a la heladería para comprar helado? _____________________.</p><p>5. ¿Con qué frecuencia vas al centro comercial para compar ropa? ___________________.</p><p>6. ¿Con qué frecuencia vas a la librería para comprar un libro? ______________________.</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>119</p><p>During-activity:</p><p>Paso tres: Your instructor will poll the class using the questions provided. You will make note</p><p>of how many classmates identify with each frequency expression for each activity.</p><p>1. ¿Con qué frecuencia van* a la casa de un amigo para jugar videojuegos?</p><p>2. ¿Con qué frecuencia van a clase para aprender?</p><p>3. ¿Con qué frecuencia van al supermercado para comprar comida?</p><p>4. ¿Con qué frecuencia van a la heladería para comprar helado?</p><p>5. ¿Con qué frecuencia van al centro comercial para compar ropa?</p><p>6. ¿Con qué frecuencia van a la librería para comprar un libro?</p><p>Paso cuatro: Based on what you have learned about the habits of the rest of the class, write</p><p>cierto or falso to say whether you do each activity more often than everybody else.</p><p>1. Yo voy a la casa de un amigo para jugar videojuegos con más frecuencia que los demás.</p><p>_____________</p><p>2. Yo voy a clase para aprender con más frecuencia que los demás. _____________</p><p>3. Yo voy al supermercado para comprar comida con más frecuencia que los demás.</p><p>_____________</p><p>4. Yo voy a la heladería para comprar helado con más frecuencia que los demás.____________</p><p>5. Yo voy al centro comercial para comprar ropa con más frecuencia que los demás.</p><p>_____________</p><p>6. Yo voy a la librería para comprar un libro con más frecuencia que los demás. _____________</p><p>Post-activity: With a partner or in a small group, discuss patterns you saw emerge in the</p><p>way the language works. Then discuss the things you noticed as a class, making note of any</p><p>corrections that should be made to your hypotheses.</p><p>1 (Casi) nunca ____ Todos los días ____ Cada semana ____ Dos veces por mes ____</p><p>2 (Casi) nunca ____ Todos los días ____ Cada semana ____ Dos veces por mes ____</p><p>3 (Casi) nunca ____ Todos los días ____ Cada semana ____ Dos veces por mes ____</p><p>4 (Casi) nunca ____ Todos los días ____ Cada semana ____ Dos veces por mes ____</p><p>5 (Casi) nunca ____ Todos los días ____ Cada semana ____ Dos veces por mes ____</p><p>6 (Casi) nunca ____ Todos los días ____ Cada semana ____ Dos veces por mes ____</p><p>If your instructor</p><p>is from Spain (or</p><p>learned Spanish</p><p>there), you may</p><p>hear vais instead</p><p>of van.</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>120</p><p>El verbo ir y los lugares</p><p>+</p><p>A (place name: business, city, state, country)</p><p>México, San Francisco</p><p>Al (masculine place)</p><p>El café, el auditorio</p><p>A la (feminine place)</p><p>La biblioteca, la cafetería</p><p>Voy a San Francisco en marzo.</p><p>Mis amigos y yo vamos al café con frecuencia. Mi familia va a la heladería mucho en el verano.</p><p>Ir: to go</p><p>Voy</p><p>Vas</p><p>Va</p><p>Vamos</p><p>Vais</p><p>Van</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/shabdaly/3818395918/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/jvk/14301277/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/rvillar/3790349080/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>121</p><p>Los lugares: Places</p><p>La universidad __________________________</p><p>El centro_______________________________</p><p>El hotel________________________________</p><p>La biblioteca____________________________</p><p>El centro comercial_______________________</p><p>El cine_________________________________</p><p>El museo_______________________________</p><p>El restaurante___________________________</p><p>La cafetería_____________________________</p><p>El café_________________________________</p><p>La farmacia_____________________________</p><p>El supermercado_________________________</p><p>La tienda (de)___________________________</p><p>The –ería suffix</p><p>Many stores will use the –ería suffix, like</p><p>“bakery” in English.</p><p>La librería ____________________________</p><p>La zapatería ___________________________</p><p>La frutería ____________________________</p><p>La panadería___________________________</p><p>La carnicería___________________________</p><p>La heladería__________________________</p><p>La papelería___________________________</p><p>La floristería___________________________</p><p>La juguetería___________________________</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1</p><p>¿“A,” “al,” o, “a la”? Fill in the blank with a, al, or a la</p><p>depending on the place.</p><p>1. Yo voy _______ Starbucks todos los días.</p><p>2. Mi novia va ________ universidad tres días por semana.</p><p>3. Mis amigos y yo vamos _______ café al aire libre (outdoor)</p><p>para conversar y comer unos pinchos.</p><p>4. Fernando va _______ papelería porque necesita unos</p><p>lápices y un cuaderno para las clases.</p><p>5. Samuel y Patricia van _______ cine porque es su primera</p><p>cita (date).</p><p>6. Tú vas _______supermercado porque tu refrigerador está</p><p>vacío (empty).</p><p>7. Tu mamá va _______farmacia para recoger (pick up) sus</p><p>medicinas.</p><p>8. Mi esposo va ________ carnicería porque quiere un bistec</p><p>muy fresco.</p><p>9. Yo voy _______ frutería porque necesito unos bananos.</p><p>https://youtu.be/0WHh9V9EMRs</p><p>https://youtu.be/dNzLqXnXeyE</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/anniepancake/16463389405/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/thomashawk/5048794063/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/tarale/6688989961/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>122</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2</p><p>¿Adónde vas? Where do you go in the following situations? Answer in complete sentences</p><p>using the verb ir. Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿Adónde vas si quieres ver pinturas y esculturas famosas?</p><p>______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Adónde vas si estás de vacaciones y necesitas dormir (to sleep)?</p><p>______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿Adónde vas si necesitas estudiar sin distracciones?</p><p>______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>4. ¿Adónde vas si necesitas comprar flores para tu madre?</p><p>______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>5. ¿Adónde vas si necesitas comprar un regalo (gift) de cumpleaños para un niño?</p><p>______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>6. ¿Adónde vas si necesitas comer?</p><p>______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>7. ¿Adónde vas si quieres unas zapatillas (sneakers) nuevas?</p><p>______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>8. ¿Adónde vas si quieres ir a la zona más urbana de la cuidad?</p><p>______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>9. ¿Adónde vas si quieres ir a muchas tiendas en el mismo edificio (same building?)</p><p>______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>10. ¿Adónde vas si quieres comprar el nuevo libro de Harry Potter?</p><p>______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>11. ¿Adónde vas si necesitas pan (bread)?</p><p>______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>12. ¿Adónde vas si hace mucho calor y te antojas (you’re craving) de algo dulce y frío?</p><p>______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>https://youtu.be/sI83iO9logA</p><p>https://youtu.be/exWWixp00Bo</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/tracyhunter/19039914330/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>123</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 3</p><p>Las invitaciones. Some friends will invite you to go do several different activities, and you</p><p>will either accept or decline their invitation based on your plans, commitments, interests, or</p><p>whatever you feel like (or don’t feel like) doing right now.</p><p>Polite responses include:</p><p>Gracias por invitarme…………………………….Thank you for inviting me...</p><p>Lo siento, pero no puedo………………………...I’m sorry, but I can’t...</p><p>Sí, me encantaría………………………………….Yes, I would love to...</p><p>Me encantaría, pero hoy no puedo……..………I would love to, but I can’t today...</p><p>If you decline an invitation, you can give a reason why by saying something like:</p><p>Es que estoy (cansad@, ocupad@, etc.).………It’s just that I’m (tired, busy, etc.)</p><p>Tengo que (trabajar, estudiar, etc.)…………….I have to (work, study, etc.)</p><p>1. Vamos al parque, ¿quieres ir?</p><p>2. Vamos al concierto de Natalia Lafourcade, ¿quieres ir?</p><p>3. Vamos al centro comercial, ¿quieres ir?</p><p>4. Vamos a la biblioteca, ¿quieres ir?</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>124</p><p>Expresión: Ir + a + infinitivo</p><p>The expression ir + a + infinitivo is used to speak about the near future in Spanish.</p><p>The English equivalent is “To be going to ___________.”</p><p>First, conjugate Ir according to who is going to do the action.</p><p>Add a.</p><p>Add the infinitivo for the future action.</p><p>Por ejemplo:</p><p>Este fin de semana, voy a salir con mis amigos.</p><p>Mañana, Eduardo va a viajar a Madrid.</p><p>El próximo jueves, mi familia y yo vamos a ir al concierto de Madonna.</p><p>Ángela va a comprar un carro nuevo el sábado.</p><p>Expresiones para hablar del futuro:</p><p>El próximo (lunes, martes, etc…/ mes/ año) _____________________________________________</p><p>La próxima semana_________________________________________________________________</p><p>El/la ___________ que viene ________________________________________________________</p><p>Este (lunes, martes, etc…/ fin de semana/ mes/ año)_______________________________________</p><p>Esta (semana/ mañana/ tarde/ noche) __________________________________________________</p><p>Hoy ____________________________________________________________________________</p><p>Mañana _________________________________________________________________________</p><p>Por la mañana/ tarde/ noche __________________________________________________________</p><p>Voy a viajar a Perú la próxima semana. Voy a visitar Machu Picchu. También, voy a ver las</p><p>líneas de Nazca. Va a ser un viaje maravilloso.</p><p>https://youtu.be/0WHh9V9EMRs</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/stevepj2009/3333523138/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/fabien_m/11607882324/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/forbiddendoughnut/1415801030/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>125</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 4</p><p>Las fotografías. Use the ir a infinitivo expression and time expressions to say what the people in</p><p>the pictures below are going to do in the near future.</p><p>1. Susana/ bailar ballet</p><p>2. Mis amigos y yo/ ir</p><p>a un concierto</p><p>3. Jaime/ escribir una</p><p>novela</p><p>4. Mis abuelos/ hacer</p><p>un crucero</p><p>__________________________</p><p>__________________________</p><p>__________________________</p><p>__________________________</p><p>__________________________</p><p>__________________________</p><p>__________________________</p><p>__________________________</p><p>__________________________</p><p>__________________________</p><p>__________________________</p><p>__________________________</p><p>__________________________</p><p>__________________________</p><p>__________________________</p><p>__________________________</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/49164267@N04/4524702782/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/60506610@N08/14765615978/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/leyeti/5220948222/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/wwwpgflickrcom/2068860623/sizes/o/</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>126</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 5</p><p>¡Ganaste el gordo! You won the lottery, now use the ir a infinitivo expression to list the first</p><p>five things you will do with your millions. Watch this video to hear a native speaker’s answer.</p><p>1. _____________________________________________________________________________</p><p>2. _____________________________________________________________________________</p><p>3. _____________________________________________________________________________</p><p>4. _____________________________________________________________________________</p><p>5. _____________________________________________________________________________</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 6</p><p>Preguntas personales. Answer the following questions using the ir a infinitivo expression,</p><p>then interview a classmate. Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿Qué vas a hacer esta tarde? _______________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Qué vas a hacer este fin de semana?________________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿Qué vas a hacer mañana?_________________________________________________________</p><p>4. ¿Qué vas a hacer el próximo mes?__________________________________________________</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 7</p><p>¿Qué va a hacer el/ la profesor(a)? Work with a partner to guess what your professor will be</p><p>doing this weekend. Be prepared to turn your guesses into questions for your instructor.</p><p>1._______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>2._______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>3._______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>4._______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>5. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>https://youtu.be/Fp5432nT9ac</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/fotero/2128708098/sizes/o/</p><p>https://youtu.be/8kfSrQah9P0</p><p>https://youtu.be/AyQo4Yp1TlE</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/gonmi/8432645000/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>127</p><p>Los números de 101—1.000.000</p><p> One hundred on the dot is “cien,” but once your cross over to 101, it becomes “ciento.”</p><p> The “ciento” for two hundred through nine hundred is pluralized and may also be feminine if</p><p>used to refer to a feminine noun. Por ejemplo: Hay trescientas familias en mi barrio.</p><p> One thousand is“Mil” NOT ‘un mil.” “Mil” does not become plural, unless you are talking</p><p>about thousands in a non-specific way. Por ejemplo: Hay miles de inmigrantes en mi ciudad.</p><p> One million IS “un millón” and millón DOES pluralize. When pluralized, it loses its accent.</p><p> Instead of using commas to separate thousands and millions, most countries use a period.</p><p> The ONLY place for “y” is connecting a tens and ones place number.</p><p> 204 = doscientos cuatro</p><p> 135 = ciento treinta y cinco</p><p> 1.301 = mil trescientos uno</p><p>Audio Audio Audio Audio Audio</p><p>https://youtu.be/fQZhgc2mM6A</p><p>https://youtu.be/rkZNiwTYpTA</p><p>https://youtu.be/q3WMBxtPeT4</p><p>https://youtu.be/mCRE2IuQNgI</p><p>https://youtu.be/fEXh2QKOONw</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>128</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 8</p><p>¡Vamos de compras! Let’s go shopping. Use the internet to find the current price of the items</p><p>below, then write out the numbers in Spanish. Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿Cuánto cuesta un televisor que te gusta?</p><p>________________________________________________________________________dólares.</p><p>2. ¿Cuánto cuesta una nueva computadora portátil que te gusta?</p><p>________________________________________________________________________dólares.</p><p>3. ¿Cuánto cuesta un vestido (dress) o traje (suit) que te gusta?</p><p>________________________________________________________________________dólares.</p><p>4. ¿Cuánto cuesta un carro nuevo que te gusta?</p><p>________________________________________________________________________dólares.</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 9</p><p>La historia. Read the brief statements about important historical events in the Spanish -speaking</p><p>world, then write out the full year in Spanish. Por ejemplo: Mil novecientos ochenta y cuatro.</p><p>1. En el año 1936, empezó (began) la Guerra Civil Española.</p><p>____________________________________________________</p><p>2. La Guerra Civil Española terminó (ended) en el año 1939.</p><p>____________________________________________________</p><p>3. En el año 1959, Fidel Castro fue nombrado (was named)</p><p>Primer Ministro de Cuba.</p><p>____________________________________________________</p><p>4. Moctezuma II, el gran líder de los aztecas, murió (died)</p><p>durante la Conquista de México en el año 1520.</p><p>____________________________________________________</p><p>5. La Revolución Mexicana empezó en el año 1910.</p><p>____________________________________________________</p><p>6. Evita Perón, la primera dama de Argentina, murió en el año</p><p>1952.</p><p>____________________________________________________</p><p>7. Ecuador ganó (won) su independencia de España en el año</p><p>1822.</p><p>____________________________________________________</p><p>8. Se realizó (Passed) el referendum “No” en Chile, quitándole</p><p>(taking away) el poder a Pinochet en el año 1988.</p><p>____________________________________________________</p><p>https://youtu.be/sNnmjOygUmE</p><p>https://youtu.be/KjuTwZkzRfs</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/elentir/14399913416/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/victorsmaria/7555633290/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/anvitaro/2566701067/sizes/o/</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>129</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 0</p><p>Preguntas personales. Answer the following questions in Spanish, then interview a classmate.</p><p>When you are done, transfer your answers over to the visual summary. Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿En qué año naciste? Yo nací en ____________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿En qué año estamos? Estamos en el año _____________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿En qué año conociste (did you meet) a tu mejor amigo/a?</p><p>Conocí a mi mejor amigo/a en el año _____________________________________________</p><p>4. ¿En qué año vas a graduarte de la universidad?</p><p>Voy a graduarme en el año _____________________________________________________</p><p>5. Otros años importantes de mi vida ___________________________________________________</p><p>_________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>_________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>https://youtu.be/n-35nMGl67A</p><p>https://youtu.be/MQ-r8FNQL7M</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/migs_austria/8332327112/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/felipesasso/4229677597/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/codnewsroom/34822126605/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/puzzledfrog/236570345/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>130</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 1</p><p>El precio es justo. Match the numerals in the fir st column with the numbers written out in the</p><p>second column. Then, match the number with a photo of an item to guess its price in Costa Rican</p><p>colones. When this book was written, 1 USD was equivalent to 567 CRC. Answers can be found on</p><p>page 426.</p><p>Una tetera</p><p>Unos binoculares</p><p>Un collar de diamantes</p><p>Detergente</p><p>Un crucero caribeño</p><p>de dos semanas</p><p>6.812.654</p><p>10.223</p><p>3.405.110</p><p>39.726</p><p>6.247</p><p>Seis mil dos cientos</p><p>cuarenta y siete</p><p>Tres millones</p><p>cuatrocientos cinco</p><p>mil ciento diez</p><p>Seis millones</p><p>ochocientos doce</p><p>mil seiscientos</p><p>cincuenta y cuatro</p><p>Diez mil dos cientos</p><p>veintitres</p><p>Treinta y nueve mil</p><p>setecientos</p><p>veintiséis</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/42573918@N00/8153348693/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/gerlos/3119891607/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/yourbestdigs/34411777046/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/intergem_jewelry_show/8315610684/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/bevanne/16427645208/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>131</p><p>El verbo “Gustar”</p><p>We have seen gustar here and there already, and you may have noticed that it behaves a little</p><p>differently than our usual verbs.</p><p>For example: To say “I like” we do not say “gusto” we say “me gusta.”</p><p>The reason for this is that what we are actually saying is: “Something” is pleasing to me.</p><p>The sentence structure is different because instead of someone doing something, something is</p><p>happening to someone.</p><p>Paso 1: PICK YOUR PRONOUN</p><p>To me Me To us Nos</p><p>To you (informal) Te To ya’ll (Spain) Os</p><p>To him</p><p>To her</p><p>To you (formal)</p><p>Le To them</p><p>To you guys (Lat.Am.)</p><p>Les</p><p>Paso 2: GUSTA - OR - GUSTAN</p><p>You will choose which form of gustar to use based on what follows it:</p><p>GUSTA</p><p>GUSTAN</p><p>Singular noun: Me gusta el invierno.</p><p>Infinitive(s): ¿Te gusta esquiar?</p><p>¿Te gusta esquiar y hacer snowbaoarding?</p><p>Plural noun: Me gustan las montañas de Idaho.</p><p>Paso 3: DEFINITE ARTICLE + NOUN - OR - INFINITIVE</p><p>If you use a noun, it must be accompanied by its definite article (el, la, los, or las).</p><p>If you use a verb, leave it in the infinitive. You can list as many as you like!</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/leelefever/4276067394/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>132</p><p>“AAAAA dditional information”</p><p>While you MUST USE the indirect pronouns with gustar, it’s not uncommon to also see</p><p>“Additonal information”</p><p>This is especially true for le and les, because it helps clarify who it is that you are talking about.</p><p>I call it “AAAAAdditional information” because an “a” goes in front of the extra information.</p><p>A mí Me A nosotr@s</p><p>A Laura y a mí</p><p>Nos</p><p>A ti Te A vosotr@s Os</p><p>A él</p><p>A Jaime</p><p>A mi hermano</p><p>A ella</p><p>A Leticia</p><p>A mi amiga</p><p>A usted</p><p>Le A ellos</p><p>A ellas</p><p>A Spencer y a</p><p>Enrique</p><p>A mis amigos</p><p>A mis padres</p><p>Les</p><p>Other notes:</p><p>To say that someone does not like something, just put no in front of the Indirect Object Pronoun</p><p>(me, te, le, nos, os, les).</p><p>A Ana no le gusta el frío.</p><p>If you have a sentence with mixed pluralities, choose gusta or gustan based on what immediately</p><p>follows it.</p><p>A Ana le gusta la música electrónica y las bandas de indie rock.</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/assortedstuff/6983760948/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/sharynmorrow/4190862932/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/assortedstuff/6983760948/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>133</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 2</p><p>PASO 1</p><p>¿Te gusta o no? Respond to the following prompts about what you like to do. Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿Te gusta esquiar? ______________________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Te gusta ir al lago?_____________________________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿Te gusta correr?_______________________________________________________________</p><p>4. ¿Te gusta el café?_______________________________________________________________</p><p>5. ¿Te gustan las papas al horno?____________________________________________________</p><p>6. ¿Te gustan los perros?___________________________________________________________</p><p>7. ¿Te gustan las galletas y el chocolate?_______________________________________________</p><p>PASO 2</p><p>Una conversación. Use the questions from Paso 1 to initiate a conversation with a partner.</p><p>Use the following reactions to help you continue the conversation:</p><p>AGREEING: Me too / Me neither</p><p> A mí también—Me too (use when agreeing with a positive statement).</p><p>Me gusta la leche. ... ¡A mí también!</p><p> A mí tampoco—Me neither (use when agreeing with a negative statement).</p><p>No me gusta la leche. ... ¡A mí tampoco!</p><p>DISAGREEING: I do / I don’t</p><p> A mí, no—I don’t (use when disagreeing with a positive statement).</p><p>Me gusta la leche. ... ¡A mí, no!</p><p> A mí, sí.—I do (use when disagreeing with a negative statement).</p><p>No me gusta la leche. ... ¡A mí, sí!</p><p>https://youtu.be/MRze7GXG47g</p><p>https://youtu.be/0dJflVGCHFg</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/woolamaloo_gazette/9644830635/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/51035610542@N01/7319094404/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/nicolasconnault/2974668573/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>134</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 3</p><p>Rellenar el espacio. Use clues in each sentence to determine which Indirect Object Pronoun is</p><p>required, as well as which form of gustar is appropriate.</p><p>1. A Julia ____ ______________ levantar pesas (lift weights).</p><p>2. A mi novia ______ _____________ cocinar.</p><p>3. ¿A ti ______ _______________ los sándwiches de pavo?</p><p>4. ¿A usted _____ _____________ los gatos?</p><p>5. A Sarita y a mí _________ _________________ ir al cine.</p><p>6. A ustedes ________ _______________ viajar.</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/binkwilder/12784253313/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/pagedooley/3372925208/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/sidewalk_flying/417992432/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/chrisgusen/3591086665/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/sunlitrain/3222670751/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/crowbeak/5018068505/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>135</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 4</p><p>¿Es usted un aguafiestas? Respond to the questionnaire below to determine whether or not</p><p>you are a party pooper. Score two points each time you answer sí, one point each time you answer</p><p>a veces, and zero points each time you answer no..</p><p>1. Me gusta ir a conciertos…………………………………..……………..</p><p>2. Me gusta la comida….……………………………….….…..…………..</p><p>3. Me gusta bailar…………………...………………………………………</p><p>4. Me gustan las fiestas .……….…….…………………………………….</p><p>5. Me gusta hablar con la gente* (people) ……….……….…………….</p><p>6. Me gusta extenderles invitaciones a otros ……..…….……….…..…</p><p>7. Me gusta salir con amigos…………………………...………………</p><p>8. Me gusta hacer nuevos amigos………………………………...……….</p><p>9. Me gusta probar* cosas nuevas (to try)…………………………….…</p><p>10. Me gusta dar fiestas en mi casa…………………………...…..……</p><p>Si tiene entre 15 y 20 puntos, usted es el alma de la fiesta.</p><p>Usted es una persona sociable. A usted le gusta conocer a nuevas personas y hacer nuevos amigos</p><p>y, lo hace facilmente. Pero, no es tan fácil para todos. Una persona como usted puede ayudar a</p><p>las personas más tímidas en una fiesta con un esfuerzo a conocerlas, a empezar conversaciones y a</p><p>hacer presentaciones entre personas que tienen intereses comunes.</p><p>Si tiene entre 8 y 14 puntos, usted es una persona normal.</p><p>A usted le gustan las fiestas pero, le da igual quedarse en casa con un buen libro de vez en cuando.</p><p>Usted tiene un buen equilibrio entre el tiempo que pasa en situaciones sociales y el tiempo que</p><p>pasa a solas.</p><p>Si tiene entre 0 y 7 puntos, usted es un aguafiestas.</p><p>La vida es para disfrutirla. Si a usted le gusta pasar tiempo a solas, no hay problema. Pero, si</p><p>usted se siente triste por nunca pasar tiempo con amigos, hay que tomar pequeños pasos para</p><p>reconectarse con la vida social. Hoy es un buen día para llamar a un viejo/a amigo/a.</p><p>Este cuestionario solo sirve para entretener; no se debe interpretarlo como consejos.</p><p>This questionnaire is only for entertainment, it should not be interpreted as advice.</p><p>Sí A veces No</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>136</p><p>La familia</p><p>For all female groups, use</p><p>the feminine plural</p><p>Daughters = Hijas</p><p>Cousins = Primas</p><p>To speak about step family,</p><p>use the suffix –astro/a:</p><p>Padrastro / Madrastra</p><p>Hijastro / Hijastra</p><p>Hermanastro / Hermanastra</p><p>For former partners, use</p><p>“ex”</p><p>Ex novio / ex novia</p><p>Ex esposo / ex esposa</p><p>“Mi ex”</p><p>For half siblings, use the</p><p>prefix medio/a:</p><p>Medio hermano</p><p>Media hermana</p><p>For same sex couples, use</p><p>the masculine plural for men</p><p>and the feminine plural for</p><p>women.</p><p>Los esposos / Los novios</p><p>Las esposas / Las novias</p><p>Pareja meaning “couple”</p><p>and “partner” may be used</p><p>by anyone.</p><p>Jorge y Ana son una pareja.</p><p>Lupe es mi pareja.</p><p>Los parientes/ los familiares: Relatives</p><p>Padre ______________________________</p><p>Madre______________________________</p><p>Hijo________________________________</p><p>Hija________________________________</p><p>Hermano____________________________</p><p>Hermana____________________________</p><p>Esposo______________________________</p><p>Esposa______________________________</p><p>Novio ______________________________</p><p>Novia_______________________________</p><p>Abuelo______________________________</p><p>Abuela______________________________</p><p>Nieto_______________________________</p><p>Nieta_______________________________</p><p>Tío_________________________________</p><p>Tía_________________________________</p><p>Primo_______________________________</p><p>Prima_______________________________</p><p>Sobrino_____________________________</p><p>Sobrina_____________________________</p><p>Suegro______________________________</p><p>Suegra______________________________</p><p>Cuñado_____________________________</p><p>Cuñada_____________________________</p><p>Yerno_______________________________</p><p>Nuera_______________________________</p><p>Marido ______________________________</p><p>Mujer _______________________________</p><p>Los padres</p><p>Los hijos</p><p>Los hermanos</p><p>Los esposos</p><p>Los novios</p><p>Los abuelos</p><p>Los nietos</p><p>Los tíos</p><p>Los primos</p><p>Los sobrinos</p><p>Los suegros</p><p>Los cuñados</p><p>https://youtu.be/eKbbHjv--8o</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>137</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 5</p><p>¿Qué ves? What do you see? Make up relationships to describe the people you see in the photo.</p><p>Use the verb ser for review.</p><p>Por ejemplo:</p><p>Ana y Jorge son esposos. Lupita es su hija.</p><p>1. _____________________________________________________</p><p>2. _____________________________________________________</p><p>3. _____________________________________________________</p><p>4. _____________________________________________________</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/kamaljith/5135306732/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/cobstone/3474960768/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/tkellyphoto/14882696645/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/protoflux/690006028/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/carriagada/1582908600/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>138</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 6</p><p>Tu árbol genealógico. Your family tree. Write in your family members’ names subtitled with their</p><p>relationship to you in Spanish. Include as many as you have room for in the space provided. For</p><p>review, write an adjective that describes each person.</p><p>YO</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/dolmansaxlil/4453899139/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>139</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 7</p><p>Find-and-fix. Read the sentences below that describe family relationships. Check cierto if the</p><p>description of the relationship is true. Check falso if the description of the relationship is false. If you</p><p>check falso, cross out something about the sentence and provide the appropriate family word to make it</p><p>correct.</p><p>1. Mi marido es mi esposo………………………………..</p><p>2. Los hijos de mis tíos son mis primos…………………..</p><p>3. La hija de mi hermano es mi hermana………………...</p><p>4. Mi mujer es mi abuela..………………………………..</p><p>5. Los hijos de mis hijos son mis nietos…………………..</p><p>6. El padre de mi espos@ es mi suegro…………………..</p><p>7. El hijo de mi hermana es mi cuñado…………………...</p><p>8. La esposa de mi hijo es mi hija………………………...</p><p>9. Las hermanas de mi madre son mis tías………………..</p><p>10. Los padres de mis padres son mis abuelos…………….</p><p>Correcto Incorrecto</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/shareski/14233891/sizes/o/</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>140</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 8</p><p>Preguntas personales. Answer the following questions in Spanish, then interview a classmate.</p><p>Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿Cómo se llama tu mamá? ________________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Cómo se llama tu papá?_________________________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿Cómo se llaman tus abuelos? _____________________________________________________</p><p>4. ¿Tienes hermanos?_______________________________________________________________</p><p>5. ¿Tienes muchos primos?__________________________________________________________</p><p>6. ¿Tienes sobrinos?________________________________________________________________</p><p>7. ¿Cuántos años tienes tú?__________________________________________________________</p><p>8. ¿Cuántos años tiene tu mamá? ¿Y tu papá?____________________________________________</p><p>________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>9. ¿Cuántos años tienen tus abuelos?___________________________________________________</p><p>10. ¿Tienes mascotas (pets)? ¿Qué son, cómo se llaman, y cuántos años tienen? _______________</p><p>________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>11. ¿Cómo son los miembros de tu familia?_____________________________________________</p><p>________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>https://youtu.be/tng64jlBjiY</p><p>https://youtu.be/KcZDGkhIAdA</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/louish/6566450049/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>141</p><p>Los adjetivos posesivos</p><p>In English, possessive adjectives are my, your, his, her, & our.</p><p>In Spanish, possessive adjectives go before the noun (just like in English), but we have to account</p><p>for plurality (and gender for a couple of the forms).</p><p>Mi carro es rojo. (Notice how everything is singular throughout the sentence).</p><p>Mis perros son grandes. (Notice how everything is plural throughout the sentence).</p><p>My</p><p>Your</p><p>His, Her, Your (Formal)</p><p>Its</p><p>Our</p><p>Your</p><p>(Plural, Spain)</p><p>Their,</p><p>Your (Plural, Lat.Am.)</p><p>Mi</p><p>Mis</p><p>Tu</p><p>Tus</p><p>Su</p><p>Sus</p><p>Nuestro, Nuestra</p><p>Nuestros, Nuestras</p><p>Vuestro, Vuestra</p><p>Vuestros, Vuestras</p><p>Su</p><p>Sus</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 9</p><p>Rellenar el espacio. Fill in the blank to complete each expression using a possessive adjective.</p><p>1. ___________ madre (formal your)` 11. ___________ carro (his)</p><p>2. ___________ casa (our) 12. ___________ casa (her)</p><p>3. ___________ clases (informal your) 13. ___________ clases (plural your, LatAm)</p><p>4. ___________ mejor amigo (informal your) 14. ___________ clases (plural your, España)</p><p>5. ___________ gato (my) 15. ___________ problemas (his)</p><p>6. ___________ amigas (our) 16. ___________ carro (Their)</p><p>7. ___________ programas (its) 17. ___________ amigos (her)</p><p>8. ___________ auto (our) 18. ___________amigos (my)</p><p>9. ___________ perros (our) 19. ___________ gatos (Their)</p><p>10. __________ padres (formal your) 20. ___________ casa (plural your, LatAm)</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>142</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 0</p><p>¡A traducir! Translate the sentences from English to Spanish. Be sure to include a possessive</p><p>adjective in your response.</p><p>1. His house is big.</p><p>_________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>2. Her books are interesting.</p><p>_________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>3. Our car is black.</p><p>_________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>4. Your (plural, LatAm) country (país) is beautiful.</p><p>_________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>5. Their dog is very social (sociable).</p><p>_________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>There is no possessive “S” in Spanish like there is in English.</p><p>This is a very hard habit to break for native English speakers, so put in the extra effort.</p><p>To express the same idea, we have to follow a strict formula to communicate possession:</p><p>Definite Article + (the possession) + de + (person’s name or title)</p><p>My mom’s car = el carro de mi mamá.</p><p>Julia’s boyfriend = el novio de Julia.</p><p>Antonio’s job = el trabajo de Antonio</p><p>My grandma’s cookies = las galletas de mi abuela</p><p>My dog’s toys = los juguetes de mi perro</p><p>Las galletas de mi abuela son mejores</p><p>que las galletas de tu abuela.</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/connielyphotography/5254405013/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>143</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 1</p><p>¡A traducir! Translate these English phrases that use the possessive S into Spanish using “de.”</p><p>1. María Alejandra’s cat</p><p>_________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>2. My girlfriend’s classes</p><p>_________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>3. Julio’s car</p><p>_________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>4. My students’ exams</p><p>_________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>5. My dad’s job</p><p>_________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 2</p><p>La lectura. Read the following paragraph, then write a brief summary in English.</p><p>Los perros de mi abuela se llaman Cookie y Monster. Ellos son pomeranios. La personalidad de</p><p>Cookie es muy buena. Ella es cariñosa y sensible. Pasa todo el día durmiendo en el sofá de mi abuela</p><p>y mi abuela la quiere mucho. Sin embargo, su hermano es muy diferente. La personalidad de Monster</p><p>no es muy buena. Él tiene mucha energía y come todas las pantuflas (slippers) de mi abuela. También,</p><p>Monster destruye todos los juguetes (toys) de Cookie. Sin embargo y a pesar de todas sus travesuras,</p><p>mi abuela lo quiere mucho también.</p><p>_______________________________</p><p>_______________________________</p><p>_______________________________</p><p>_______________________________</p><p>_______________________________</p><p>_______________________________</p><p>_______________________________</p><p>_______________________________</p><p>_______________________________</p><p>_______________________________</p><p>_______________________________</p><p>_______________________________</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/carradine65/245469507/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>144</p><p>Los verbos con un cambio vocálico</p><p>Stem-changers / Boot verbs</p><p>In Spanish, infinitives are made up of two parts: The Stem & The Ending.</p><p>PREFERIR: To prefer</p><p>We are already very familiar with present tense verb endings—we know that every verb will end</p><p>in –AR, -ER, or –IR, and that the endings for each group will change in the same way when the</p><p>verb is conjugated.</p><p>The stem is everything up to the –AR, -ER, or –IR ending. We haven’t talked much about this</p><p>part of the verb yet because the verbs we have seen thus far keep the original stem. However,</p><p>there are many verbs in Spanish that see a slight change in the stem when the verb is</p><p>conjugated, which we often refer to as Stem-Changing Verbs, Stem-Changers, or Boot Verbs.</p><p>Stem Ending</p><p>When students first start learning to use Stem-Changers, they focus so much on the change in the</p><p>stem that they often start to misuse endings. It is important to remember that our endings are going</p><p>to continue to work just like they always do, so let’s review present tense endings.</p><p>-AR verbs get –AR endings.</p><p>-ER verbs get –ER endings.</p><p>–IR verbs get –IR endings.</p><p>-AR verb endings</p><p>-IR verb endings -ER verb endings</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>145</p><p>When students are initially learning to use these verbs, they wonder if there is some trick to</p><p>identify them by the way they are spelled, or some other clue that can be found if you know</p><p>where to look.</p><p>Unfortunately, there is no special way to identify them. You just have to know which</p><p>verbs take a stem-change. How will you “just know” a certain verb stem-changes? Because</p><p>you studied and practiced each of them… a lot.</p><p>Dormir (o:ue) —to sleep. El león duerme mucho. ¡Es un gato!</p><p>How to use Stem-Changing Verbs:</p><p> The verb endings are the same as always.</p><p> The last vowel of the stem changes when the verb is conjugated in all forms</p><p>EXCEPT nosotros & vosostros.</p><p> Possible stem-changes are:</p><p> E to IE</p><p> O to UE</p><p> E to I</p><p> U to UE: There is only one verb that goes U to UE (jugar: to play)</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/tambako/7474013638/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>146</p><p>When studying the new vocabulary, study the</p><p>infinitive with the stem-change. It’s best to learn the</p><p>meaning and the change simultaneously.</p><p>Common Stem-Changing Verbs:</p><p>E to IE</p><p>Entender (e:ie)_______________________________</p><p>Pensar (e:ie)_________________________________</p><p>+ en_________________________________</p><p>Empezar (e:ie)_______________________________</p><p>+ a infinitivo_________________________</p><p>Perder (e:ie)_________________________________</p><p>Preferir (e:ie)________________________________</p><p>Querer (e:ie)________________________________</p><p>Mentir (e:ie)________________________________</p><p>O to UE</p><p>Dormir (o:ue)_______________________________</p><p>Poder (o:ue)_________________________________</p><p>Costar (o:ue)________________________________</p><p>Encontrar (o:ue)_____________________________</p><p>Recordar (o:ue)______________________________</p><p>No + recordar _________________________</p><p>Probar (o:ue)________________________________</p><p>Volar (o:ue)________________________________</p><p>E to I</p><p>Pedir (e:i)___________________________________</p><p>Servir (e:i)__________________________________</p><p>Repetir (e:i)_________________________________</p><p>Decir (e:i)*_________________________________</p><p>Seguir (e:i)*_________________________________</p><p>U to UE</p><p>Jugar (u:ue) ________________________________</p><p>*These verbs also have an irregular yo form.</p><p>Sandra piensa mucho en la experiencia</p><p>humana en su clase de filosofía.</p><p>Mateo quiere comprar un reloj de pulsera.</p><p>Cuando viajo, pruebo alimentos nuevos.</p><p>Siempre pides el arroz con pollo.</p><p>¿Por qué no pruebas algo nuevo?</p><p>https://youtu.be/CGZWnzwG_6Y</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/tawcan/4028807578/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/guysie/2991121383/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/bioversity/6672475021/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/dharder9475/14483517753/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>147</p><p>Entender (e:ie) to understand Pensar (e:ie) to think</p><p>Empezar (e:ie) to start / to begin Perder (e:ie) to lose / to miss (the bus, a class, etc.)</p><p>Preferir (e:ie) to prefer / to rather Querer (e:ie) to want / to love</p><p>Mentir (e:ie) to lie Dormir (o:ue) to sleep</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 3</p><p>¡A conjugar! Conjugate each of our reflexive verbs using the charts below. While filling out</p><p>verb charts won’t make you fluent, it is a good way for us to see how these work before moving on.</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>148</p><p>Encontrar (o:ue) to find Recordar (o:ue) to remember</p><p>Probar (o:ue) to try something (for the first time) Volar (o:ue) to fly</p><p>Pedir (e:i) to ask for / to order Servir (e:i) to serve</p><p>Repetir (e:i) to repeat Decir (e:i) to say / to tell</p><p>Poder (o:ue) to can / to be able to Costar (o:ue) to cost</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>149</p><p>Seguir (e:i) to follow/ to continue Jugar (u:ue) to play a sport or game</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 4</p><p>¿Qué ves? What do you see? Draw a line to match the photos below with a stem-changing verb</p><p>that is appropriate for the photo. Then, write a sentence using the verb you have selected that</p><p>describes the scene in each photo—include extra details! Be prepared to share</p><p>your sentences.</p><p>Volar</p><p>Servir</p><p>Probar</p><p>Jugar</p><p>1.</p><p>2.</p><p>3.</p><p>4.</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/getreddie/32776731071/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/gazeronly/7145173685/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/jow/2583022724/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/janottenbourg/6081722329/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>150</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 6</p><p>¿Puedes o no puedes? The verb poder is used very frequently in Spanish. Answer the</p><p>questions below as completely as possible about things you can and cannot do. Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿Puedes tocar el piano? __________________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Puedes cocinar bien?____________________________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿Puedes hablar ruso?_____________________________________________________________</p><p>4. ¿Puedes ir al centro conmigo mañana?_______________________________________________</p><p>5. ¿Puedes jugar bien al fútbol?______________________________________________________</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 5</p><p>¿Qué dices? What would you say in the following situations? Draw a line to of the provided</p><p>answers, or create one of your own. You may choose the same response more than one. Then,</p><p>interview a partner.</p><p>1. ¿Qué dices si un desconocido* te pide un dólar? A stranger</p><p>2. ¿Qué dices si un amigo te dice muy buenas noticias?* good news</p><p>3. ¿Qué dices si tienes que repetir una clase?</p><p>4. ¿Qué dices si pierdes las llaves?* the keys</p><p>5. ¿Qué dices si encuentras las llaves?</p><p>6. ¿Qué dices si una person te sigue en la calle?* the street</p><p>7. ¿Qué dices si tu novi@ te miente mucho?</p><p>8. ¿Qué dices si encuentras veinte dólares en el bolsillo?* pocket</p><p>9. ¿Qué dices si tu pareja no recuerda tu cumpleaños?</p><p>10. ¿Qué dices si no entiendes la lección de español?</p><p>¡Ay, de mí!</p><p> Poor me!</p><p>¡Basta!</p><p> Enough!</p><p>¡Muchísimas gracias!</p><p> Thank you so much!</p><p>¡Déjame (déjeme) en paz!</p><p> Leave me alone!</p><p>¡Vete a freír espárragos!</p><p> Get lost!</p><p>¡Qué suerte!</p><p> How lucky!</p><p>¡Qué alegría!</p><p> What joy!</p><p>Ten. / Tenga.</p><p> Here you go.</p><p>No digo nada.</p><p> I don’t say anything.</p><p>¡Socorro!</p><p> Help! (emergency)</p><p>https://youtu.be/euUEFuu5STM</p><p>https://youtu.be/18Vu69lNdpo</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/sicoactiva/3441040283/sizes/o/</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>151</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 7</p><p>Rellenar el espacio. Choose which verb fits best, then</p><p>conjugate it based on the subject to complete the sentence.</p><p>1. Lalo ______________________ a su mamá porque no</p><p>quiere meterse en problemas. (Mentir / Encontrar)</p><p>2. Santi le ______________________ la verdad a su mamá</p><p>porque él sabe mejor. (Seguir / Decir)</p><p>3. ¿______________________ tú cómo llegar a la casa de</p><p>Cristian y Angélica? (Encontrar / Recordar)</p><p>4. Verónica no ______________________ muy bien porque</p><p>toma café muy tarde en el día. (Dormir / Poder)</p><p>5. Mi esposo y yo______________________ viajar a</p><p>Sudamérica este verano. (Costar / Querer)</p><p>6. Usted ______________________ tocar el piano, ¿verdad?</p><p>(Poder / Probar)</p><p>7. La profesora ______________________ las instrucciones.</p><p>(Repetir / Servir)</p><p>8. Daniela y Pablo______________________ tamales para el</p><p>almuerzo en la Navidad. (Decir/ Servir)</p><p>9. Mis hermanos y yo ______________________ al fútbol.</p><p>(Jugar / Costar)</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 8</p><p>Preguntas personales. Answer the following questions using Stem-Changing Verbs. Be sure to</p><p>conjugate so that you will have a complete sentence! Then, interview a classmate in Spanish.</p><p>Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿Siempre recuerdas el cumpleaños de tu mamá? ______________________________________</p><p>______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>2. Cuando vas de vacaciones, ¿vuelas o manejas a tu destino?______________________________</p><p>_______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>3. Cuando tienes un examen, ¿cuándo empiezas a estudiar?________________________________</p><p>______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>4. ¿Juegas algún deporte?___________________________________________________________</p><p>5. ¿Qué sirves para la cena en las ocasiones especiales?___________________________________</p><p>______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>6. ¿Puedes tocar algún instrumento?__________________________________________________</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/kygp/2374438139/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/michelespiller/7202387736/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/naz66/7924702044/sizes/l</p><p>https://youtu.be/fzLk46xB0v8</p><p>https://youtu.be/bn7A6OK_Nfs</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>152</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 9</p><p>Submarino. The object of this game is to find the location of you classmate’s submarinos.</p><p>First, draw four submarinos on your grid and keep them a secret from your partner. To guess a</p><p>square on your partner’s grid, conjugate the Stem-Changing Verbs from the top row based on a</p><p>subject given in the left-hand column. If there is a submarino in that square, your partner</p><p>will say, “Lo acertaste” (you hit it). If there is no submarino, your partner will respond, “Lo</p><p>fallaste” (you missed it). Take turns, and keep track of hits and misses on your grid. The first</p><p>person to locate all four submarinos wins!</p><p>Pensar</p><p>Volar Decir Jugar</p><p>Yo</p><p>Tú</p><p>Daniela</p><p>Nosotros</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/froderik/8283727226/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/hanuska/7002923416/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/93413187@N06/8492516706/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/qrodoflickr/4171623754/sizes/o/</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>153</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 3 0</p><p>¿Tiene usted mucha suerte? Respond to the questionnaire below to determine whether or</p><p>not you are a lucky person. Score two points each time you answer siempre, one point each time</p><p>you answer a veces, and zero points each time you answer nunca.</p><p>1. Yo sé dónde están mis llaves* (keys)…………………………..……..</p><p>2. Juego bien el veintiuno.……………………………………….….…..…</p><p>3. Encuentro dinero en la calle* (the street)…………………...………..</p><p>4. Recibo regalos para las ocasiones especiales.……….…….…………</p><p>5. Cuando vuelo, llego a tiempo a mi destino.……….……….…………</p><p>6. Siempre recibo lo que pido en un restaurante.………….……….……</p><p>7. Mis libros de texto cuestan menos de $250 por año.……..…………</p><p>8. Duermo lo suficiente.…………………………………………...……….</p><p>9. Puedo descansar los fines de semana. …………………………..….…</p><p>10. Mis amigos recuerdan llamarme el día de mi cumpleaños.…..……</p><p>Si tiene entre 15 y 20 puntos, usted es una persona que tiene mucha suerte.</p><p>Hoy es un buen día para tomar un riesgo pequeño. Por ejemplo, usted puede pobrar una comida</p><p>que nunca ha probado antes y ¡es probable que le vaya a gustar! También, si usted es una</p><p>persona que apuesta, hoy puede ser un buen día para comprar un boleto de lotería.</p><p>Si tiene entre 8 y 14 puntos, usted es una persona normal.</p><p>Hoy es un buen día para tomar riesgos, pero también es buena idea tener un plan alternativo. Por</p><p>ejemplo, usted puede comprar un nuevo sabor creativo de helado, pero sería buen plan también</p><p>comprar su sabor favorito… en caso de que el nuevo no le guste.</p><p>Si tiene entre 0 y 7 puntos, usted es una persona que no tiene mucha suerte.</p><p>Eso no quiere decir que usted es una persona que tiene mala suerte, sino que la suerte no le ha</p><p>tocado ya. Recuerde el refrán de “quien no arriesga, no gana”. Busque oportunidades para</p><p>abrirse a lo inesperado de la vida.</p><p>Este cuestionario solo sirve para entretener; no se debe interpretarlo como consejos.</p><p>This questionnaire is only for entertainment, it should not be interpreted as advice.</p><p>Siempre A veces Nunca</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>154</p><p>Before moving on to Chapter 5, reflect upon what you can do with the language.</p><p>Check off all of the things on the list below that you can do.</p><p>For any actions you cannot yet do, review the topic and seek out additional</p><p>resources such as tutoring, extra help from your instructor, online materials, etc.</p><p>After completing this chapter, I can:</p><p> Discuss places where people go for different activities,</p><p>products, and services</p><p> Express actions that will happen in the near future</p><p> Use large numbers</p><p> Express my likes and dislikes</p><p> Describe my family</p><p> Express possession</p><p> Articulate my thoughts and ideas using stem-changing verbs</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>155</p><p>¡A reflexionar sobre los objectivos!</p><p>Goal setting, Paso 1. As we are working to be our best language learners, we need to regular ly</p><p>check in on our progress toward our goals. Use the questions below to reflect upon the goals you set</p><p>for yourself at the beginning of the chapter.</p><p>My two short term goals were:</p><p>1. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p> Did you follow your action plan? In what way(s)? What worked? What didn’t work?</p><p> _______ I have achieved this goal/ ________ I made progress toward this goal/</p><p>_______ I have not made progress toward this goal and should make a revision to my goal</p><p>or my action plan.</p><p>2. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p> Did you follow your action plan? In what way(s)? What worked? What didn’t work?</p><p> _______ I have achieved this goal/ ________ I made progress toward this goal/</p><p>_______ I have not made progress toward this goal and should make a revision to my goal</p><p>or my action plan.</p><p>My one long-term goal was:</p><p>3. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p> Did you follow your action plan? In what way(s)? What worked? What didn’t work?</p><p> _______ I have achieved this goal/ ________ I made progress toward this goal/</p><p>_______ I have not made progress toward this goal and should make a revision to my goal</p><p>or my action plan.</p><p>What do you currently feel is your biggest challenge with Spanish? What might you do to work on</p><p>this? If it’s not on your goals list already, should it be?</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>156</p><p>¡A revisar los objectivos!</p><p>Goal setting, Paso 2. Before moving on to the next chapter, take a moment to update your goals</p><p>and/or action plans. It is okay to keep goals that you set for yourself previously if you are still</p><p>working toward them.</p><p>My two short term goals with action plans:</p><p>1. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p></p><p>2. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p></p><p>My one long-term goal with an action plan:</p><p>3. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p></p><p>Study strategies I find useful:</p><p>New study strategies I could try:</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>157</p><p>V o c a b u l a r i o d e l C a p í t u l o 4</p><p>Español Inglés</p><p>Abuelo/a Grandfather/ Grandmother</p><p>Almorzar (o:ue) To eat lunch</p><p>La biblioteca Library</p><p>El café Café</p><p>La cafetería Cafeteria</p><p>La carnicería Butcher shop</p><p>El centro Downtown</p><p>El centro comercial Mall</p><p>El cine Cinema/ Movie theater/</p><p>“the movies”</p><p>Costar (o:ue) To cost</p><p>Cuñado/a Brother/ Sister-in-law</p><p>Decir (e:i) To say/ to tell</p><p>Dormir (o:ue) To sleep</p><p>Empezar (e:ie) To start/ begin</p><p>Encontrar (o:ue) To find</p><p>Entender (e:ie) To understand</p><p>Esposo/a Spouse/ Husband/ Wife</p><p>Este/ esta ____ This ____________</p><p>La farmacia Pharmacy</p><p>La floristería Flower shop</p><p>La frutería Fruit stand</p><p>Gustar To please/ “To like”</p><p>La heladería Ice cream shop</p><p>Hijo/a Son/ daughter</p><p>Hermano/a Brother/ Sister/ Sibling</p><p>El hotel Hotel</p><p>Hoy Today</p><p>Ir To go</p><p>Ir + a + infinitivo To be going to ___________</p><p>Jugar (u:ue) To play</p><p>La juguetería Toy store</p><p>Madre Mother</p><p>Marido Husband</p><p>Mentir (e:ie) To lie</p><p>Mi/ mis My</p><p>Mujer Woman/ Wife</p><p>Español Inglés</p><p>Nieto/a Grandson/ Granddaughter</p><p>Novio/a Boyfriend/ Girlfriend</p><p>Nuera Daughter-in-law</p><p>Nuestro/a/os/as Our</p><p>Padre Father</p><p>La panadería Bakery</p><p>La papelería Stationary store (school and</p><p>office supplies)</p><p>Pedir (e:i) To ask for/ to order</p><p>Pensar (e:ie) To think</p><p>Perder (e:ie) To lose/ to miss (an event)</p><p>Poder (o:ue) To can/ to be able to</p><p>Por la mañana/ tarde/ noche In the morning/ afternoon/</p><p>evening (at night). Note: por is</p><p>used when no specific time is</p><p>stated. If a specific time is</p><p>stated, use de instead.</p><p>Preferir (e:ie) To prefer/ to rather</p><p>Primo/a Cousin</p><p>Probar (o:ue) To try</p><p>El/ la próxim@ _________ Next _______________</p><p>El / la _______ que viene The coming _____/ Next _____</p><p>Querer (e:ie) To want</p><p>Recordar (o:ue) To remember</p><p>Repetir (e:i) To repeat</p><p>El restaurante Restaurant</p><p>Seguir (e:i) To follow/ to keep (___ing)</p><p>Servir (e:i) To serve</p><p>Sobrino/a Niece/ Nephew</p><p>Su/ sus His/ her/ your (formal)/ their /</p><p>your (plural, Latin America)</p><p>Suegro/a Father/ Mother-in-law</p><p>El supermercado Super market/ Grocery store</p><p>Tu/ tus Your (informal)</p><p>La universidad University/ College</p><p>Volar (o:ue) To fly</p><p>Vuestro/a/os/as Your (plural, Spain)</p><p>Yerno Son-in-law</p><p>La zapatería Shoe store</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>158</p><p>Vocabulario Personalizado</p><p>Words you looked up / Words that came up in class</p><p>Español Inglés</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>159</p><p>Capítulo Cinco</p><p>Frida Kahlo y Diego Rivera son dos ar tistas mexicanos muy famosos e</p><p>importantes del siglo XX. Frida es conocida por sus auto-retratos (self portraits)</p><p>y su estilo surrealista que demuestra su dolor (pain) físico y emocional. Diego es</p><p>conocido por sus pinturas que representan la clase baja de la sociedad, sus</p><p>murales gigantescos, y sus creencias comunistas. Ellos eran esposos, pero tenían</p><p>una relación complicada y tumultuosa. De hecho, se casaron por segunda vez</p><p>después de divorciarse. Hoy en día, los dos se consideran íconos del arte</p><p>mexicano, y Frida en particular se ha convertido en una heroína feminista y sigue</p><p>inspirando a los artistas folklóricos del mundo entero. La casa de Frida, conocida</p><p>como La Casa Azul, se encuentra en la Ciudad de México. Hoy en día es un</p><p>museo dedicado al arte y a la vida de Frida.</p><p>¡Se puede leer más sobre el museo en su sitio web!</p><p>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Frida_Kahlo%2C_by_Guillermo_Kahlo.jpg</p><p>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego_Rivera#/media/File:Diego_Rivera_with_a_xoloitzcuintle_dog_in_the_Blue_House,_Coyoacan_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/baggis/10604487955/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>160</p><p>Before beginning this chapter, it is important to recognize which skills and tasks you will</p><p>be expected to learn to perform. Do you already have some previous skills or knowledge</p><p>in these areas that you can use to your advantage? Are there any topics that you foresee</p><p>being difficult? If so, it is a good idea to pursue additional assistance to get ahead of any</p><p>potential issues. You are the master of your education—you have the power to take</p><p>ownership of your learning!</p><p>After completing this chapter, I will be able to:</p><p> Recall vocabulary related to food.</p><p> Discuss meals.</p><p> Anticipate common expressions that are likely to be used in</p><p>restaurants where Spanish is spoken.</p><p> Manipulate sentences to avoid repetition in conversation and</p><p>writing.</p><p> Discuss ongoing actions in the present tense.</p><p> Describe my professional goals.</p><p> Apply knowledge of geography and vocabulary relating to</p><p>nationality to talk about myself and the peoples of the Spanish-</p><p>speaking world.</p><p> Assess situations to determine whether the verb ser or the verb</p><p>estar should be used.</p><p> Differentiate between muy, más, and mucho.</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>161</p><p>Pre-chapter activity</p><p>Pre-activity: An important part of this chapter involves descr ibing meals. In this activity,</p><p>you will interpret the paragraph below that describes typical meals in the author’s country,</p><p>as well as what he eats for each meal. Follow the steps outlined below to discuss what you</p><p>eat for breakfast, lunch, snack, and dinner.</p><p>Hola. Me llamo José María. Soy estudiante en la Universidad de Costa Rica. Soy tico (es decir</p><p>que soy de Costa Rica; los costarricenses nos llamamos “ticos”). En mi país, el desayuno más</p><p>típico es el gallo pinto—un plato que consiste en una combinación de arroz, frijoles, cebolla y</p><p>culantro. Se sirve con huevos, queso y salsa Lizano. Yo desayuno gallo pinto dos o tres días por</p><p>semana. Si no desayuno gallo pinto, desayuno cereales o frutas con yogur. En Costa Rica, las</p><p>frutas son increíbles. Mis frutas preferidas son la piña, la pitaya (fruta del dragón) y la maracuyá</p><p>(fruta de la pasión). En mi país, tomamos un breve descanso del trabajo o de las clases antes del</p><p>almuerzo que llamamos “la hora del cafecito.” Son unos quince o veinte minutos. Hablamos con</p><p>los compañeros, tomamos un cafecito y merendamos unas galletas. Los días en que yo desayuno</p><p>el gallo pinto, y como las sobras para el almuerzo. Es económico y saludable. Si no almuerzo</p><p>gallo pinto, almuerzo un sándwich de algún tipo u otro. Entre el almuerzo y la cena,</p><p>merendamos otra vez. Tomamos un cafecito por la tarde con una merienda como el chifrijo, los</p><p>gallos con picadillo o las chorreadas. La cena más típica de mi país es el casado. Tiene pollo,</p><p>arroz, frijoles, ensalada de lechuga y tomate y plátano maduro. Yo ceno casados con bastante</p><p>frecuencia pero, no todos los días porque tenemos muchas opciones para la cena: la sopa, el</p><p>ceviche y más.</p><p>During-activity:</p><p>Paso 1: Circle each food that applies to describe typical meals in your country, as well as what</p><p>you typically eat in your day-to-day life.</p><p>El desayuno más típico de mi país consiste en:</p><p>La fruta</p><p>El yogur</p><p>Los cereales</p><p>Los panqueques</p><p>Los huevos</p><p>La carne</p><p>El arroz</p><p>Los frijoles</p><p>Algo más: _____________________</p><p>En un día típico, yo desayuno:</p><p>La fruta</p><p>El yogur</p><p>Los cereales</p><p>Los panqueques</p><p>Los huevos</p><p>La carne</p><p>El arroz</p><p>Los frijoles</p><p>Algo más: _____________________</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>162</p><p>During-activity, continued:</p><p>Una merienda típica de mi país consiste en:</p><p>La fruta</p><p>El yogur</p><p>El café</p><p>El queso</p><p>Los vegetales</p><p>Las galletas</p><p>Algo más: _____________________</p><p>En un día típico, yo meriendo:</p><p>La fruta</p><p>El yogur</p><p>El café</p><p>El queso</p><p>Los vegetales</p><p>Las galletas</p><p>Algo más: _____________________</p><p>El almuerzo más típico de mi país consiste en:</p><p>Los sándwiches</p><p>Las frutas</p><p>La sopa</p><p>La pizza</p><p>Macarrones con queso</p><p>Algo más: _____________________</p><p>En un día típico, yo almuerzo:</p><p>Los sándwiches</p><p>Las frutas</p><p>La sopa</p><p>La pizza</p><p>Macarrones con queso</p><p>Algo más: _____________________</p><p>La cena más típica de mi país consiste en:</p><p>La carne</p><p>El pollo</p><p>El pescado</p><p>El arroz</p><p>Los frijoles</p><p>Los vegetales</p><p>Las papas</p><p>Las hambuguesas</p><p>La sopa</p><p>Barbacoa</p><p>Algo más: _____________________</p><p>En un día típico, yo ceno:</p><p>La carne</p><p>El pollo</p><p>El pescado</p><p>El arroz</p><p>Los frijoles</p><p>Los vegetales</p><p>Las papas</p><p>Las hambuguesas</p><p>La sopa</p><p>Barbacoa</p><p>Algo más: _____________________</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>163</p><p>During-activity, continued:</p><p>Paso 2: Write a paragraph that describes typical meals in your country, as well as what you eat</p><p>for each meal in a typical day.</p><p>Post-activity:</p><p>What did you notice about important new vocabulary words and/or verbs and grammar that have</p><p>to do with discussing food and meals in Spanish?</p><p>Based on what you have learned so far, write five questions that you can use to interview a native</p><p>speaker about typical dishes in their community and/or what they typically eat.</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>164</p><p>La comida</p><p>Food is a central part of Hispanic cultures, with each country and each region having its own unique</p><p>cuisine. Because of the diversity and strong local influences we see with Hispanic foods, there is</p><p>more regional variation with vocabulary than usual.</p><p>El desayuno (Verbo: desayunar)</p><p>El cereal______________________________________</p><p>La avena ______________________________________</p><p>La leche_______________________________________</p><p>El jugo (de...)__________________________________</p><p>*El zumo (España)</p><p>Los huevos____________________________________</p><p>El pan tostado__________________________________</p><p>La mermelada__________________________________</p><p>La mantequilla__________________________________</p><p>Los churros____________________________________</p><p>El tocino______________________________________</p><p>Las frutas______________________________________</p><p>La piña_________________________________</p><p>El durazno/ El melocotón___________________</p><p>La toronja_______________________________</p><p>El pomelo (España)</p><p>El banano_______________________________</p><p>*La banana, el plátano (regional variation)</p><p>La naranja_______________________________</p><p>La manzana______________________________</p><p>Las uvas________________________________</p><p>La pera_________________________________</p><p>La frambuesa ____________________________</p><p>El kiwi_________________________________</p><p>Los arándanos___________________________</p><p>La sandía _______________________________</p><p>El melón ________________________________</p><p>La fresa_________________________________</p><p>*La frutilla (Chile)</p><p>https://youtu.be/oDZu_zvmRJo</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/j0annie/15535885191/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/vegan-baking/3618889530/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/jridgewayphotos/13539021815/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/gilgongo/244560635/sizes/o/</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>165</p><p>El limón (México, Centroamérica, el norte</p><p>de Sudamérica)</p><p>La lima (España, Chile, Uruguay)</p><p>El limón (España, Chile, Uruguay)</p><p>La lima (México)</p><p>El limón amarillo (Latinoamérica)</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1</p><p>1. ¿Qué hay en esta ensalada de frutas?</p><p>_____________________________________________________</p><p>_____________________________________________________</p><p>_____________________________________________________</p><p>_____________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Qué hay en esta ensalada de frutas que no hay en la otra?</p><p>_____________________________________________________</p><p>_____________________________________________________</p><p>_____________________________________________________</p><p>_____________________________________________________</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2</p><p>El desayuno. In complete sentences, answer the questions about your breakfast preferences.</p><p>Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿Qué desayunas en un día típico?</p><p>____________________________________________________________________________</p><p>____________________________________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Qué desayunas si sales a un restaurante?</p><p>____________________________________________________________________________</p><p>____________________________________________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿Hay algo que nunca desayunas?</p><p>____________________________________________________________________________</p><p>____________________________________________________________________________</p><p>on whether</p><p>you would treat that person formally or informally.</p><p>1. tú usted</p><p>2. tú usted</p><p>3. tú usted</p><p>4. tú usted</p><p>Tú versus Usted</p><p>In Spanish, there are two ways to</p><p>address someone as you. There is</p><p>a formal you, usted, and informal</p><p>you, tú.</p><p>Usted is used when you want to</p><p>address someone with respect.</p><p>Usted is often used with elders,</p><p>professionals, people in positions</p><p>of authority, or strangers.</p><p>Tú is used with children, peers,</p><p>and people with whom you are</p><p>quite familiar. Some families use</p><p>tú with parents and grandparents</p><p>but others do not.</p><p>Some countries speak more</p><p>formally or informally than others.</p><p>Listen to people around you and</p><p>use your instincts. Don’t worry if</p><p>you do not use the best option</p><p>with someone. They will know</p><p>you are learning.</p><p>Worst case scenario, someone</p><p>might correct you. I have never</p><p>known anyone to be offended by a</p><p>learner.</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/aasuarchives/4256511697/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/zyada/4049249930/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/83633410@N07/7658219802/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/sophistechate/2670224692/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>14</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 4</p><p>¿Cómo se responde? Give an appropriate conversational response for each of the greetings or</p><p>goodbyes below.</p><p>1. Hola __________________________________________________________________________</p><p>2. Hasta luego _____________________________________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿Cómo estás? ___________________________________________________________________</p><p>4. Muy mal _______________________________________________________________________</p><p>5. ¿Qué tal? _______________________________________________________________________</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 5</p><p>Un diálogo. Paso 1:With a partner, write a dialogue between two friends greeting one another</p><p>and then saying goodbye. Then act out the dialogue together. Paso 2: Revise your dialogue to be a</p><p>dialogue between two business acquaintances, making any necessary changes to account for formality.</p><p>Paso 1: Paso 2:</p><p>Amiga 1:_______________________________ Señora Flores: ______________________________</p><p>Amiga 2:_______________________________ Señora Cruz: _______________________________</p><p>Amiga 1:_______________________________ Señora Flores: ______________________________</p><p>Amiga 2:_______________________________ Señora Cruz: _______________________________</p><p>Amiga 1:_______________________________ Señora Flores: ______________________________</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/matheau/3957897302/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/141761303@N08/38699400072/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>15</p><p>Las presentaciones</p><p>Las presentaciones: Introductions</p><p>¿Cómo te llamas? ______________________________________________________________</p><p>¿Cómo se llama? _______________________________________________________________</p><p>Me llamo _____________________________________________________________________</p><p>Mi nombre es _________________________________________________________________</p><p>Soy _________________________________________________________________________</p><p>Mucho gusto __________________________________________________________________</p><p>Encantad@ ___________________________________________________________________</p><p>Igualmente ____________________________________________________________________</p><p>Bienvenido/a/os/as _____________________________________________________________</p><p>Te presento a (nombre) __________________________________________________________</p><p>Le presento a (nombre) __________________________________________________________</p><p>Les presento a (nombre) _________________________________________________________</p><p>¿De dónde eres? _______________________________________________________________</p><p>Soy de (place) _________________________________________________________________</p><p>Señor ________________________________________________________________________</p><p>Señora _______________________________________________________________________</p><p>Señorita ______________________________________________________________________</p><p>Profesor(a) ____________________________________________________________________</p><p>https://youtu.be/EgaBP2NQ7_g</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/funkdooby/9269296002/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/whizchickenonabun/180260716/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>16</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 6</p><p>Rellenar el espacio. Read the following dialogues and fill in the blanks with the appropriate</p><p>phrases from our vocabulary.</p><p>In this conversation, two professional acquaintances run into each other. One introduces a colleague</p><p>to the other.</p><p>Señora García: Buenos días, Señor Hernández.</p><p>Señor Hernández: ____________________ ¿Cómo está usted?</p><p>Señora García: Muy bien, gracias. ¿Y ______________?</p><p>Señor Hernández: __________________, gracias. Señora, le presento a mi colega Alonso So-</p><p>tomayor.</p><p>Señora García: _________________________.</p><p>Señor Sotomayor: ___________________________.</p><p>Señora García: Bueno señores, tengo que irme. Adiós.</p><p>Señor Sotomayor: ___________________________.</p><p>Señor Hernández: _____________________________.</p><p>In this conversation, two students strike up a conversation on a bench after the first day of class.</p><p>Flor: Hola,</p><p>___________________ Flor.</p><p>Antonia: Hola,</p><p>_________________ Antonia.</p><p>Flor:</p><p>_________________________</p><p>Antonia: Igualmente.</p><p>Flor: ¿De dónde eres?</p><p>Antonia: ________________</p><p>Cuba. ¿Y tú?</p><p>Flor: Soy de Argentina.</p><p>Antonia: ¡Qué bien!</p><p>Flor: ¡Sí! Pues, perdóname,</p><p>amiga, pero tengo que ir</p><p>al trabajo.</p><p>Antonia: Vale, nos vemos</p><p>mañana en clase.</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/shandilee/8162168092/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>17</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 7</p><p>DNI—el Documento Nacional de Identidad. Spain, like many nations, requires all citizens</p><p>over the age of 14 to carry a national ID card known as the DNI. It is used much like an Ameri-</p><p>can driver’s license for proof of identity.</p><p>Paso 1— Fill in your personal information to create your own DNI.</p><p>Documento</p><p>Nacional de</p><p>Identidad</p><p>ESPAÑA</p><p>Apellido</p><p>Nombre</p><p>Nacionalidad</p><p>Fecha de nacimiento</p><p>Firma</p><p>11231234153</p><p>Paso 2—una entrevista. Step two—an interview. Use the following questions to interview three</p><p>classmates about themselves, using a common question: ¿Cuál es?</p><p>Audio Video</p><p>¿Cuál es tu apellido?</p><p>Mi apellido es _______________________________.</p><p>¿Cuál es tu nombre?</p><p>Mi nombre es _______________________________.</p><p>¿Cuál es tu nacionalidad?</p><p>Mi nacionalidad es _______________________________.</p><p>¿Cuál es tu fecha de nacimiento?</p><p>Mi fecha de nacimiento es _______________________________.</p><p>Though we have not yet learned numbers and months in Spanish, do your best to communicate.</p><p>Here is a list of the months to assist you:</p><p>enero febrero marzo abril mayo junio julio agosto septiembre octubre noviembre diciembre</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/explainthatstuff/9471863714/sizes/o/</p><p>https://youtu.be/IiweCxLct5o</p><p>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xy5SUbXRmdI&feature=youtu.be</p><p>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7HYYt5VKBs</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>18</p><p>Speed-friending. Introduce yourself to as many classmates as you can in the next five minutes.</p><p>Learn their names and where they are from, write down what you learn about them, then say</p><p>goodbye.</p><p>Nombre Es de….</p><p>_____________________________________</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/fotorose/3480914323/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/rob-qld/2889974348/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/polkadotcreations/2480587587/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/dominique-ap/7153370115/sizes/o/</p><p>https://youtu.be/B1NEUQBWi_U</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>166</p><p>La merienda (Verbo: merendar)</p><p>La barra de cereales ____________________________</p><p>El yogur (de…)________________________________</p><p>El queso______________________________________</p><p>Las sobras ____________________________________</p><p>El almuerzo (Verbo: almorzar)</p><p>El sándwich (de…)____________________________</p><p>jamón__________________________________</p><p>atún___________________________________</p><p>rosbif__________________________________</p><p>pollo__________________________________</p><p>pavo___________________________________</p><p>La sopa (de…)_______________________________</p><p>tomate_________________________________</p><p>pollo__________________________________</p><p>fideos__________________________________</p><p>El arroz_____________________________________</p><p>Las papas ___________________________________</p><p>Las patatas (España)</p><p>*Fritas/ Al horno __________________</p><p>Los frijoles__________________________________</p><p>La hamburguesa______________________________</p><p>La pizza____________________________________</p><p>La ensalada__________________________________</p><p>Las bebidas</p><p>El agua______________________________________</p><p>Los refrescos_________________________________</p><p>La cerveza___________________________________</p><p>El vino _____________________________________</p><p>El té________________________________________</p><p>https://youtu.be/2DIn4H0m85A</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/ofernandezberrios/5118487977/sizes/l</p><p>https://youtu.be/UQib-xT1poQ</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/rashdan/1468474412/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/morganmorgan/8258766307/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/muyyum/4340641042/sizes/l</p><p>https://youtu.be/IU-8OvhhiCk</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/lafoodie/15551385025/sizes/o/</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>167</p><p>Alicia merienda yogur con</p><p>frutas en un día típico.</p><p>Juan Carlos y Raúl</p><p>almuerzan pizza porque son</p><p>estudiantes universitarios.</p><p>Merendar (e:ie):</p><p>Almorzar (o:ue):</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 3</p><p>El almuerzo y las meriendas. In complete sentences, answer the questions about your lunch and</p><p>snack habits. Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿Qué almuerzas en un día típico?____________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Qué meriendas en un día típico?____________________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿A qué hora almuerzas en un día típico?_______________________________________________</p><p>4. ¿A qué hora meriendas en un día típico?_______________________________________________</p><p>5. Si sales a almorzar, ¿adónde te gusta ir?_______________________________________________</p><p>6. ¿Qué comes y bebes con una hamburguesa? ___________________________________________</p><p>7. ¿Qué comes con arroz? ____________________________________________________________</p><p>8. ¿Qué tipo de sándwich prefieres? ____________________________________________________</p><p>9. ¿Qué tipo de sopa prefieres? ________________________________________________________</p><p>10. ¿Prefieres papas fritas o papas al horno? ______________________________________________</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/markryan1990/8578674646/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/59247791@N08/5505415842/sizes/l</p><p>https://youtu.be/hEiIURfTJMM</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>168</p><p>La cena (Verbo: Cenar)</p><p>El bistec__________________________________</p><p>La carne__________________________________</p><p>De res_______________________________</p><p>De cerdo_____________________________</p><p>El pescado________________________________</p><p>Los mariscos______________________________</p><p>La langosta___________________________</p><p>Los camarones________________________</p><p>Las verduras_______________________________</p><p>El brócoli____________________________</p><p>La cebolla____________________________</p><p>El ajo_______________________________</p><p>Los espárragos________________________</p><p>Las habichuelas_______________________</p><p>El maíz______________________________</p><p>Las zanahorias________________________</p><p>Las espinacas_________________________</p><p>El postre</p><p>La torta__________________________________</p><p>El pastel_________________________________</p><p>La tarta__________________________________</p><p>El helado_________________________________</p><p>El batido (de…)___________________________</p><p>Las galletas_______________________________</p><p>Los condimentos</p><p>El aceite________________________________</p><p>El vinagre_______________________________</p><p>La sal y la pimienta_______________________</p><p>La mayonesa_____________________________</p><p>La mostaza______________________________</p><p>El kétchup_______________________________</p><p>https://youtu.be/wrJ_5iUAFxw</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/kozumel/6977573123/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/beckendorf/2497431610/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/sharynmorrow/3691498917/sizes/l</p><p>https://youtu.be/iL_dtsui6yo</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/seandavis/7691068722/sizes/l</p><p>https://youtu.be/1HzbBs7aSMg</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/foodmuse/6749081/sizes/o/</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>169</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 4</p><p>¡A cocinar! You are hosting a dinner party with a few close friends and it is time to plan a menu</p><p>for the evening. Use the ir a infinitivo expression to say what you are going to eat and drink. Be</p><p>specific! Don’t just say ensalada—tell me what’s in it too!</p><p>__________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>__________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>__________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>__________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>__________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>__________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 5</p><p>La cena. In complete sentences, answer the questions about your dinner preferences.</p><p>Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿Qué cenas en un día típico?________________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Qué cenas en una ocasión especial?__________________________________________________</p><p>3. Si sales a cenar, ¿adónde te gusta ir?__________________________________________________</p><p>4. ¿Con que frecuencia sales a cenar? ___________________________________________________</p><p>5. ¿Cuál es tu postre favorito? _________________________________________________________</p><p>6. ¿Te gusta la mayonesa? ___________________________________________________________</p><p>7. ¿Te gusta la mostaza? _____________________________________________________________</p><p>8. ¿Te gustan los mariscos? __________________________________________________________</p><p>9. ¿Eres vegetarian@? _______________________________________________________________</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/conorkeller/4093649441/sizes/o/</p><p>https://youtu.be/7hoGp4LEqfg</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>170</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 6</p><p>Mi plato. First, categorize as much of our vocabulary as you can under each section of M i Plato.</p><p>Then, go to the web address and enter “Mi Plato” in the search bar (direct link: https://</p><p>www.choosemyplate.gov/multilanguage-spanish). Click Información general and select a Spanish</p><p>language pamphlet to read. Take notes on the next page.</p><p>https://www.choosemyplate.gov/multilanguage-spanish</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>171</p><p>Lo que entendí: what I understood</p><p>Nuevas palabras y expresiones que aprendí: New words and expressions I learned</p><p>Lo que no entendí: what I did not understand</p><p>Los puntos principales del folleto: The pamphlet’s main points</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>172</p><p>En el restaurante</p><p>Most restaurant conversation occurs predictably. If you can anticipate common phrases based on</p><p>the situation, you will give yourself a conversational advantage.</p><p>¿Cuántos son? _______________________________________________________</p><p>Somos cinco.____________________________________________________</p><p>¿Desean algo para beber/tomar?__________________________________________</p><p>Para beber, me gustaría agua, por favor. _______________________________</p><p>¿Están listos para pedir? _______________________________________________</p><p>Necesitamos más tiempo para decidir. ________________________________</p><p>Sí, estamos listos. ________________________________________________</p><p>¿Qué desean comer?___________________________________________________</p><p>¿Qué nos recomienda? ____________________________________________</p><p>Quisiera el plato del día.___________________________________________</p><p>In most Spanish-speaking countries, after food is delivered, the server generally stops by once to</p><p>see if everyone is content, and then gives the group their space. It is considered rude for the</p><p>server to continually stop by and interject while the group is dining and socializing. Some</p><p>Americans misinterpret this as poor service, since we are accustomed to regular check-ins from</p><p>servers.</p><p>Along those same lines, diners have to ask the server for the check in most places. It is</p><p>considered rude for a server to drop it off, as if to say, “It’s time to go.”</p><p>La cuenta, por favor. __________________________________________________</p><p>Enseguida. _____________________________________________________</p><p>https://youtu.be/MEIZBRXgcKs</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/ccordova/6064615534/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/alex-s/3148921292/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>173</p><p>El menú del día. In Spain, restaurants often offer a Menú del Día. You pick a “Primero” and</p><p>a “Segundo” and depending on the restaurant, some combination of “Postre,” “Bebida,” or “Pan,” is</p><p>offered. They are an affordable way to enjoy a multi-course meal!</p><p>In a small group, designate one person as the mesero/a. The rest of you will dine at their restaurant.</p><p>Using our restaurant phrases and the menu below, act out a restaurant scene in which everyone</p><p>orders something to drink and something to eat.</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/danamums/1467612165/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>174</p><p>Los complementos directos</p><p>Direct Objects</p><p>Before we start with Direct Objects, it is important to review a couple of terms first:</p><p>Subject: The do-er of the action</p><p>Verb: The action</p><p>From there, the Direct Object receives the action. To easily identify the direct object of a sentence,</p><p>ask yourself who or what is being “verbed.”</p><p>Yo compro flores en la floristería.</p><p>Subject Verb Direct Object</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 7</p><p>Los complementos directos. Identify the Subject, Verb, and Direct Object in each of the</p><p>sentences below using S, V, and DO.</p><p>1. Mi amiga escribe una novela.</p><p>2. Tú bebes mucho café, ¿no?</p><p>3. Yo hablo español en casa.</p><p>4. Antonio lee muchos poemas para la clase de literatura.</p><p>5. Héctor y yo preparamos tacos los martes.</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/8656572@N04/2594874099/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/yamamotomiyo/6512286899/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>175</p><p>The personal A refers to the use of an “a” when a person is the direct object of the sentence.*</p><p>Llamo a mis padres una vez por semana. I call my parents once a week.</p><p>Veo a Isabel en la clase de ciencias políticas. I see Isabel in Politcal Science class.</p><p>We do not use the personal a with the verb Tener or the verb Hay.</p><p>Yo tengo cuatro primos. I have four cousins.</p><p>Hay ocho chicas en la clase de karate. There are eight girls in the karate class.</p><p>Nadie (nobody) and alguien (somebody) count as “people” and require the personal a.</p><p>No conozco a nadie en esta fiesta. I don’t know anybody at this party.</p><p>*It is also used to introduce the direct object when there is room for confusion, and it is also</p><p>used idiomatically (just because) occasionally.</p><p>We are not focusing on these uses in this lesson.</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 8</p><p>La “a” personal. Determine if a personal “a” is required in each sentence. If so, put “a” in the blank.</p><p>If not, put an “x.”</p><p>1. Yo necesito ____ una mochila nueva.</p><p>2. Mi hermana quiere ____ un carro nuevo.</p><p>3. Llevo ____ Juanita al aeropuerto.</p><p>4. Los adultos no entienden ____ los niños.</p><p>5. Yo tengo ____ novio.</p><p>6. Hay ____ veintisiete estudiantes en la clase de francés.</p><p>7. Mi papá siempre llama ____ mi abuela los domingos.</p><p>8. Yo busco ___ mi profesor de historia. No está en su oficina.</p><p>9. ¿Tienes que comprar _____ muchos libros de texto para las clases?</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>176</p><p>Like in English, we use Direct Object Pronouns, or complementos directos, to replace the direct</p><p>object after we have established what it is that we are talking about. We do this in order to avoid</p><p>repetition in speech and in writing.</p><p>For instance, if I said:</p><p>I like to make scarves. I make scarves in the winter because they are cute and warm. I use wool</p><p>yarn to make my scarves. Sometimes I make scarves as gifts…</p><p>My audience would think: Enough already! Scarves… we get it!</p><p>We also use the Direct Object Pronouns me and te initially when I receive the action and you</p><p>receive the action. It will be clear by context.</p><p>Mi mamá me llama todos los días. My mom calls me every day.</p><p>¿Quién te llama? Who is calling you?</p><p>Mis abuelos me quieren mucho. My grandparents love me a lot.</p><p>To use los complementos directos, remember to conjugate the verb based on the person doing the</p><p>action just like always.</p><p>Then, place the pronoun in front of the conjugated verb in a one-verb phrase.</p><p>If you have a two-verb phrase (one verb conjugated, the other in the infinitive), you can place the</p><p>pronoun in front of the conjugated verb or attached to the end of the infinitive.</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>177</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 9</p><p>PASO 1</p><p>Identificar el complemento directo. Read the following sentences and underline the direct object.</p><p>In the blank, choose the pronoun that you would use to replace it.</p><p>1. Yo no bebo leche. ________________</p><p>2. Mi hermana come mucho chocolate.________________</p><p>3. José María necesita estudiar francés.________________</p><p>4. Mateo y su hermano hablan italiano. ________________</p><p>PASO 2</p><p>Usar el complemento directo. Now, rewrite each phrase using the Direct Object Pronoun.</p><p>1.__________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>2.__________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>3. (a)_______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>(b)_______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>4.__________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>178</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 0</p><p>¡A responder! Repond to the following personal questions that use te with me. Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿Quiénes te llaman en tu cumpleaños?</p><p>______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Quién te ayuda cuando lo necesitas?</p><p>______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿Quiénes te mandan mensajes de texto?</p><p>______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 1</p><p>El refigerador está vacío. You returned home from a weekend out of town, only to find that</p><p>your roommate ate all your food. Use direct object pronouns to fill in the blanks as your roommate</p><p>confesses to eating everything you had.</p><p>1. ¿Comiste</p><p>todas mis sobras?</p><p>Sí, _____________ comí.</p><p>2. ¿Bebiste toda la leche?</p><p>Sí, _____________ bebí.</p><p>3. ¿Comiste la pizza entera?</p><p>Sí, _____________ comí.</p><p>4. ¿Bebiste todo el jugo de naranja?</p><p>Sí, _____________ bebí.</p><p>5. ¿Comiste todas las verduras?</p><p>Sí, _____________ comí.</p><p>6. ¿Comiste toda la carne?</p><p>Sí, _____________ comí.</p><p>file://SCC-EmpFile.ccs.spokane.cc.wa.us/UsersE/Erin.Huebener/Documents/Custom Office Templates</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/djou/499214049/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/intelfreepress/8598246200/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/elizabethk/6650227065/in/photolist-dtb8yF-7fhVn6-bSXNz-4bTAQy-4KcUiB-FSJZf-4RwKSk-tC8xa-j5stBP-7uGtp3-2UHYJ-7ShEmN-FZs21L-5gRRFN-5SCRH7-3b8VcE-4Kh9TY-HKTxjm-68qTLJ-6wU8DD-8bk9vq-wPa3e-MPqaG-7JsDj3-9sMUg-quC7L8-hWRNF9-JrzqYW-GT</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/elizabethk/6650227065/sizes/o/</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>179</p><p>El progresivo del presente</p><p>The present progressive is used to discuss things that are happening right now.</p><p>The English equivalent is the –ing.</p><p>In Spanish, two parts are required in order to construct this:</p><p>The verb Estar (conjugated based on who is doing the action)</p><p>And, the Gerund</p><p>This is the same as English:</p><p>Step One: I am</p><p>Step Two: studying.</p><p>Step One: Y ou are</p><p>Step Two: driving me crazy.</p><p>Step One: We are</p><p>Step Two: making dinner.</p><p>PASO 1: Select the appropriate form of Estar.</p><p>Estar: To be</p><p>Estoy</p><p>Estás</p><p>Está</p><p>Estamos</p><p>Estáis</p><p>Están</p><p>PASO 2: Use the gerund (also known as the present participle) for the action</p><p>For an –AR verb, take off the –AR and add –ando</p><p>Estudiar = estudiando Esquiar = esquiando Cocinar = cocinando</p><p>For –ER and –IR verbs, take of the ending and add –iendo</p><p>Comer = comiendo Salir = saliendo Hacer = haciendo</p><p>For –ER and –IR verbs that have a stem that ends in a vowel, change the –i in “-iendo” to a</p><p>‘y’ (-yendo) to avoid having three vowels in a row.</p><p>Construir = construyendo Leer = leyendo Creer = creyendo</p><p>For –IR verbs that stem-change, use an e-to-i or o-to-u stem change.</p><p>Servir = sirviendo Seguir = siguiendo Sentir = sintiendo (feeling)</p><p>Decir = diciendo Morir = muriendo (dying) Dormir = durmiendo</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>180</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 2</p><p>¿Qué está pasando? Using the information provided, write a sentence about what is</p><p>happening in the photos below.</p><p>1. Mi abuelo_____________________________________________________________________</p><p>2. Yo___________________________________________________________________________</p><p>3. Mis amigas ____________________________________________________________________</p><p>4. Mi primo, Álex, y yo ____________________________________________________________</p><p>Dormir/</p><p>Porque tiene</p><p>sueño</p><p>Leer/</p><p>El periódico</p><p>Bailar/</p><p>En una</p><p>fiesta</p><p>Comer/</p><p>Cereales</p><p>1.</p><p>2.</p><p>3.</p><p>4.</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 3</p><p>¿Qué tiempo hace? Remember that several of our weather expressions use the present</p><p>progressive to say what the weather is doing right now.</p><p>Paso uno: Answer the following questions about today’s weather in your city.</p><p>1. ¿Está lloviendo? ________________________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Está nevando? _________________________________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿Está granizando?_______________________________________________________________</p><p>Paso dos: Search online for today’s weather report for Bogotá, Colombia. Then, answer the same</p><p>questions.</p><p>1. ¿Está lloviendo? ________________________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Está nevando? _________________________________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿Está granizando?_______________________________________________________________</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/proimos/7306065194/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/dlee13/11245814233/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/f_lynx/12385257453/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/marinacaprara/8895412137/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>181</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 4</p><p>¿Qué estás haciendo? Answer the following questions about what you and people you know</p><p>are doing right now. If you aren’t sure what someone is doing, make a guess. Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿Qué estás haciendo? ___________________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Qué está haciendo la profesora?__________________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿Qué están haciendo tus padres?__________________________________________________</p><p>4. ¿Qué está haciendo tu mejor amig@? _____________________________________________</p><p>5. ¿Qué están haciendo los demás estudiantes? _________________________________________</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 5</p><p>¿Qué están haciendo? In each sentence, someone is doing something right now. Draw a line</p><p>to connect the activity to the most logical place where it would be happening.</p><p>1. Ana está haciendo ejercicio.</p><p>2. Lupe está leyendo una novela</p><p>3. Manolo y Pedro están estudiando</p><p>4. Los niños están comiendo helado</p><p>5. Yo estoy siguiendo a mi amigo de camino a su casa</p><p>6. Mi hermana está haciendo las compras</p><p>7. Rigoberto está tomando un examen</p><p>8. Paco está durmiendo</p><p>en la heladería</p><p>en el carro</p><p>en el sofá</p><p>en el gimnasio</p><p>en la biblioteca</p><p>en la cama</p><p>en el supermercado</p><p>en la clase</p><p>https://youtu.be/Zs43FhVErCA</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>182</p><p>Las profesiones</p><p>Below, reflect gender with the article AND</p><p>the ending:</p><p>El/la médic@_____________________</p><p>El/la maestr@____________________</p><p>El/la enfermer@__________________</p><p>El/la consejer@___________________</p><p>El/la meser@_____________________</p><p>El/la científic@___________________</p><p>El/la ingenier@___________________</p><p>El/la cociner@____________________</p><p>El/la peluquer@___________________</p><p>El/la abogad@____________________</p><p>El/la biólog@____________________</p><p>El/la geólog@____________________</p><p>El/la fotógraf@___________________</p><p>El/la pintor(a)____________________</p><p>El/la profesor(a)___________________</p><p>Below, reflect gender ONLY with the</p><p>article:</p><p>El/la mecánico____________________</p><p>El/la músico______________________</p><p>El/la dentista_____________________</p><p>El/la policía______________________</p><p>El/la bombero____________________</p><p>El/la artista_______________________</p><p>El/la jefe (la jefa) __________________</p><p>Expresiones para hablar del trabajo:</p><p>¿A qué te dedicas?/ ¿A qué se dedica?</p><p>___________________________________</p><p>Quiero ser (__________)</p><p>___________________________________</p><p>Estudio para (__________)</p><p>___________________________________</p><p>Ganar la vida ________________________</p><p>Trabajar en (_______________)</p><p>___________________________________</p><p>Estar desemplead@/ Estar en el paro</p><p>___________________________________</p><p>Conseguir un trabajo</p><p>___________________________________</p><p>Trabajar a tiempo completo/ parcial</p><p>___________________________________</p><p>Mi prima Ana es peluquera.</p><p>Note: Do not use un or una with professions in Spanish unless you use an adjective.</p><p>Javier es músico……………..Javier es un músico talentoso.</p><p>https://youtu.be/vHnzODon-EQ</p><p>https://youtu.be/4A9cCQjD4-k</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/131232129@N06/16685656499/sizes/o/</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>183</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 6</p><p>¿A qué se dedican? Write a sentence in Spanish expressing the profession of the person in</p><p>the photo. If you work quickly, use the present progressive to write a second sentence about what</p><p>each person is doing.</p><p>1. Antonio _____________________________________________</p><p>2. Alejandra ___________________________________________</p><p>3. Doctor Jiménez ______________________________________</p><p>4. María________________________________________________</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/rosieobeirne/4089413233/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/joska/393493609/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/sophistechate/2670224692/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/23122254@N07/8199553604/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>184</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 7</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 8</p><p>¿Cómo ganan la vida? Use the questions below to guide a conversation with a partner.</p><p>Video</p><p>1. ¿A qué se dedican tus padres?</p><p>2. ¿Para qué estudias?</p><p>3. ¿Trabajas? ¿A tiempo completo o tiempo parcial?</p><p>4. Si no trabajas, ¿quieres conseguir un trabajo o prefieres enfocarte en las clases?</p><p>5. En tu opinión, ¿cómo se puede ganar la vida y vivir la vida a la vez?</p><p>¡A inventar! As you know, language is a system of</p><p>patterns. Once we identify a pattern, we can use it to our</p><p>advantage to “invent” words. One pattern with</p><p>professions is the suffix “-ólogo (or -óloga for female</p><p>professionals). Let’s use this to invent our own</p><p>supplemental vocabulary!</p><p>The English equivalent of -ólogo is –ologist. Por</p><p>ejemplo, cardiologist is cardiólogo/a in Spanish. First,</p><p>list several English “–ologist” professions, then “invent”</p><p>their Spanish equivalent.</p><p>Inglés Español</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 9</p><p>1. La médica</p><p>2. El maestro</p><p>3. La enfermera</p><p>4. El consejero</p><p>5. El mesero</p><p>Emparejar. Match the profession with its descr iption. Write the corresponding number in</p><p>the blank provided.</p><p>________ Les da clases a niños</p><p>________ Ha estudiado medicina y trata de curar a sus pacientes</p><p>________ Te cuida cuando estás en el hospital</p><p>________ Atiende a los clientes en un restaurante</p><p>________ Les da consejos a los estudiantes</p><p>https://youtu.be/65N7vhnxcdg</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/14765810955/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>185</p><p>Los países hispanos y las nacionalidades</p><p>In these countries, Spanish is the official language, or is the principal language used for</p><p>communication. For this reason, the United States is not on the list, but it should be noted that with</p><p>approximately 41 million Spanish-speaking residents, the U.S. has roughly the same number of</p><p>Spanish-speakers as Honduras, Paraguay, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Uruguay,</p><p>and Equatorial Guinea combined.</p><p>Nationalities are not capitalized in Spanish. They do need to agree with the person or group that</p><p>they describe in gender and number.</p><p>Argentina……………………...argentino/a/os/as</p><p>Bolivia…………….…………..boliviano/a/os/as</p><p>Chile…………………....……….chileno/a/os/as</p><p>Colombia…………...….…...colombiano/a/os/as</p><p>Costa Rica……………………...costarricense(s)</p><p>………………………………………tico/a/os/as</p><p>Cuba...…………………………...cubano/a/os/as</p><p>Ecuador…..…………………ecuatoriano/a/os/as</p><p>El Salvador...…………….…salvadoreño/a/os/as</p><p>España….español/española/españoles/españolas</p><p>Guatemala……………...…guatemalteco/a/os/as</p><p>Guinea Ecuatorial …..….ecuatoguineano/a/os/as</p><p>Honduras……………..……hondureño/a/os/as</p><p>México……………...………mexicano/a/os/as</p><p>Nicaragua………….…………nicaragüense(s)</p><p>Panamá…………………..…panameño/a/os/as</p><p>Paraguay………...…………paraguayo/a/os/as</p><p>Perú…………………………..peruano/a/os/as</p><p>Puerto Rico*..……….…puertoriqueño/a/os/as</p><p>……………………………………..boricua(s)</p><p>*territorio estadounidense</p><p>La República Dominicana..dominicano/a/os/as</p><p>Uruguay…………………..…uruguayo/a/os/as</p><p>Venezuela…………………venezolano/a/os/as</p><p>https://youtu.be/jujXRWh4buM</p><p>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spanish_language.svg</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>186</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 0</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 1</p><p>¿De dónde son? We can learn a lot about a person by their nationality. For each person described</p><p>below, write one sentence to say where they are from in Spanish. Then, discuss what the ending on</p><p>the nationality also communicates to us.</p><p>1. Julieta es colombiana. ___________________________________________________________</p><p>2. Ramón es peruano. _____________________________________________________________</p><p>3. Samuel y Silvia son españoles.____________________________________________________</p><p>4. Sara y María son bolivianas.______________________________________________________</p><p>5. Mateo es argentino. _____________________________________________________________</p><p>6. Ana Lucía es chilena.___________________________________________________________</p><p>7. Francisco y Marcos son paraguayos. _______________________________________________</p><p>Las banderas. For each flag, you will see the country’s name, as well as a person’s name (or</p><p>names). Write a sentence to describe the nationalities of these people.</p><p>1. La República Dominicana/ Eugenio</p><p>2. Cuba/ David y Soraya</p><p>3. Nicaragua/ Daniela y Fabricio</p><p>4. Venezuela/ Fernanda</p><p>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic#/media/File:Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg</p><p>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Cuba</p><p>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Nicaragua</p><p>https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Flag_of_Venezuela.svg</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>187</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 2</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 3</p><p>La nacionalidad versus la ascendencia. When a Spanish-speaker asks you about your</p><p>“nacionalidad” they are asking about your home country (Think: What country would my passport</p><p>come from?). Being a country of immigrants, part of the culture in the United States involves</p><p>identifying strongly with our heritage in other countries, but miscommunications often occur when</p><p>an American tells a Spanish-speaker something along the lines of, “Soy mexicana e irlandesa.”</p><p>Instead, to speak about your cultural heritage, state your nationality first, then add additional</p><p>information to talk about your heritage.</p><p>Also, a person from the United States is, officially, estadounidense. However, you are likely to hear</p><p>norteamericano/a/os/as or americano/a/os/as out there in the real world. Because all peoples of</p><p>the Americas are americanos in Spanish, norteamericano is a more respectful term in Central and</p><p>South America. Americano is used commonly in Spain.</p><p>Follow the model below to express your own information in the box below. Then, share with a</p><p>partner. Be prepared to share with the class.</p><p>If you don’t know the details of your heritage, you don’t have to bring it up at all. If someone asks</p><p>you about it explicitly, you can just say, “No sé.”</p><p>Modelo: Hola, me llamo David. Yo soy norteamericano. Soy de ascendencia alemana,</p><p>británica, y nativo americana.</p><p>Preguntas personales. Answer the personal questions below, then interview a partner. Be</p><p>prepared to share with the class. Video</p><p>1. ¿Cuál es tu nacionalidad?</p><p>2. ¿Conoces a alguna persona hispana?</p><p>3. ¿Cuáles son algunas de las culturas hispanas que forman una gran parte de la población hispana</p><p>en los EEUU (Estados Unidos)?</p><p>4. ¿Has probado (have you tried) comida salvadoreña?</p><p>5. ¿Quiénes son algunas personas famosas que son de países hispanos? ¿De dónde son? ¿Cuál es la</p><p>nacionalidad de cada persona?</p><p>https://youtu.be/tktpOT4o-kw</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>188</p><p>Ser versus Estar</p><p>As we have learned, ser and estar are both verbs meaning “To be.”</p><p>However, each is used in specific situations and they are not interchangeable.</p><p>Ser is used with inherent characteristics and identity.</p><p>Milagros es baja, rubia y bonita. Es psicóloga. ¡Es muy inteligente!</p><p>Estar is used with states of being and location*.</p><p>Antonio está muy aburrido porque está en una reunión.</p><p>*An exception to location is the location of an event (use ser).</p><p>El concierto es en el auditorio.</p><p>Ser is for who you are, Estar is for how you are.</p><p>A popular misconception is that ser is permanent and estar is temporary. While this may serve as a</p><p>guideline, there are too many exceptions to rely on this as a rule.</p><p>Por ejemplo: Elvis está muerto.</p><p>Dead is pretty permanent, no? In Spanish, we look at life and death as states of being,</p><p>which require the use of estar.</p><p>Por ejemplo: M i mamá está enferma. Tiene la esclerosis múltiple.</p><p>While Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic illness, which one might conceptualize as being</p><p>permanent, illness—short or long-term—is considered a state of being (a condition)</p><p>in Spanish, which will also use estar.</p><p>Por ejemplo: M i hermano está loco.</p><p>Students often like to describe people as loco (crazy), especially when it comes to</p><p>friends and family, whether it be crazy as in “fun,” crazy as in “wild,” or crazy as in</p><p>“unstable” or experiencing a state of mental illness (which, if either of these is the</p><p>case, it is disrespectful and unkind to use the word crazy or loco). In any event, even</p><p>if you consider this to be an inherent or permanent characteristic of a person, loco is</p><p>considered a state of being and requires the use of estar in Spanish.</p><p>We know we use ser with personality and physical characteristics when describing a person, but</p><p>we can also use estar to say that someone looks or seems especially ______ today.</p><p>Por ejemplo: Arturo es guapo. Arturo is handsome.</p><p>Arturo está muy guapo hoy. Arturo is looking especially handsome today.</p><p>Emilia es juguetona. Emilia is playful.</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>189</p><p>Isabel y Victor son niños felices. Hoy están</p><p>contentos porque están jugando.</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 4</p><p>¿Cómo cambia? Discuss how the meaning</p><p>changes for the sentences below based on</p><p>whether ser or estar is used.</p><p>1. Mi profesora de química es aburrida. VS.</p><p>Mi profesora de química está aburrida.</p><p>2. Las manzanas son verdes. VS.</p><p>Las manzanas están verdes.</p><p>3. Yo soy feliz. VS. Yo estoy feliz.</p><p>Ser</p><p>Time</p><p>La clase de español es a las nueve y media.</p><p>Hoy es lunes.</p><p>Identity & Inherent characteristics</p><p>Los González son cubanos.</p><p>Mi abuela es católica.</p><p>Miguel Ángel es cómico.</p><p>Las sillas son de madera.</p><p>Mi hermana y yo somos altas.</p><p>Events</p><p>La fiesta es en casa de Alma.</p><p>La graduación es en el auditorio.</p><p>Estar</p><p>States of being</p><p>Yo estoy muy contento.</p><p>Mi mamá está enferma.</p><p>El perro está asustado.</p><p>Actions</p><p>Los niños están jugando en el patio.</p><p>(Present Progressive)</p><p>Location</p><p>Mi apartamento está en el centro.</p><p>Mi universidad está en la Florida.</p><p>(Exception: location of events uses ser)</p><p>Especially</p><p>Joselito está muy guapo porque hoy es la</p><p>boda de su tía y él es el portador de los</p><p>anillos.</p><p>Remembering the uses for these verbs can be easier with this simple mnemonic device: TIE SALE</p><p>More specific uses for ser, which can</p><p>generally fit under these categories:</p><p>Physical characteristics, personality traits,</p><p>origin, nationality, religion, gender, material,</p><p>color, size, profession, relationship to others,</p><p>political affiliation, possession, and</p><p>impersonal expressions such as: es interesan-</p><p>te que… and es importante que...</p><p>More specific uses for estar, which can</p><p>generally fit under these categories:</p><p>Physical or emotional states, feelings,</p><p>emotions, conditions, moods, illness, marital</p><p>state, alive or dead, on-going action using the</p><p>present progressive, location (except events),</p><p>and seeming “especially ____”</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/caio-vinicius/7651469448/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>190</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 5</p><p>¿Ser o estar? Look for clues in each sentence, then decide if ser or estar should be used. Circle</p><p>the correct option.</p><p>1. Mi hijo es / está aburrido porque le quité (I took away) su celular.</p><p>2. Natalia y Lucas son / están cansados porque es tarde.</p><p>3. Mis perros son / están grandes.</p><p>4. Manuela y yo somos / estamos de Paraguay.</p><p>5. Seattle es / está en el estado de Washington.</p><p>6. Erika es / está mi sobrina.</p><p>7. Ustedes son / están bien, ¿no?</p><p>8. Tú eres / estás uruguayo, ¿verdad?</p><p>9. La fiesta es / está en casa de Ana María.</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 6</p><p>Rellenar el espacio. Decide if ser or estar is appropriate for each sentence, then conjugate to</p><p>fill the blank and complete the sentence.</p><p>1. ¿_____________ tú de los Estados Unidos?</p><p>2. Mi bolso (purse) _____________ de cuero (leather).</p><p>3. Mi carro _____________ en el garaje.</p><p>4. Iván _______________ piloto.</p><p>5. Olivia y Héctor ____________ novios y ellos ____________ muy felices juntos (together).</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 7</p><p>Preguntas personales. Answer the following personal questions using ser and estar.</p><p>Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿Están muy ocupados tus amigos?</p><p>2. ¿Cómo estás hoy?</p><p>3. ¿Cómo eres tú?</p><p>4. ¿Están vivos todos tus héroes?</p><p>5. ¿Cuál es el nombre de una persona que está muerta, pero a quien admiras mucho?</p><p>6. ¿Eres reservad@ o extrovertid@?</p><p>https://youtu.be/ldpz89Z1MMc</p><p>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=khEIxeFXh0M</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>191</p><p>MEANING CHANGERS</p><p>There are some adjectives that can be used with ser and estar, but their meaning changes</p><p>depending on which verb you use.</p><p>Used with ser Used with estar</p><p>Aburrido/a/o/s/as To be boring To be bored</p><p>Verde(s) To be green in color To be unripe</p><p>Maduro/a/o/s/as To be mature To be ripe</p><p>Listo/a/o/s/as To be smart To be ready</p><p>Rico/a/o/s/as To be rich To be tasty</p><p>Guapo, feo, bonito, etc.* Inherent traits To look especially _________.</p><p>*make whichever adjective you use agree in gender & number</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 8</p><p>¡A escribir! Write a sentence for each of the photos you see, using either ser or estar.</p><p>1.____________________________________________________________</p><p>2.____________________________________________________________</p><p>3.____________________________________________________________</p><p>4.____________________________________________________________</p><p>El quequito</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/toddler/3450871850/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/29803258@N02/5002782285/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/professorcooper/4694973838/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/ben_grey/7510758918/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>192</p><p>Muy versus Más versus Mucho</p><p>Muy = Very</p><p> Muy is used with adjectives and adverbs.</p><p> Arturo es muy alto.</p><p> Yo estoy muy feliz.</p><p> La pizza llegó muy rápido.</p><p> El jurado llegó a un veredicto muy lentamente.</p><p>Mucho = A lot / Much/ Many</p><p> Mucho is used with verbs. It goes after the verb.</p><p> Mi padre lee mucho.</p><p> Yo trabajo mucho.</p><p> Mucho/ mucha/ muchos/ muchas are used with</p><p>nouns. They go in front of the noun and must</p><p>match the noun in Gender and Number.</p><p> Mark Zuckerberg tiene mucho dinero.</p><p> Hay mucha gente en la fiesta.</p><p> Mi hermana tiene muchos amigos. Ella es</p><p>muy sociable.</p><p> Alejandro es un mujeriego. Tiene muchas</p><p>novias.</p><p>Más = More</p><p> Más is used with verbs, nouns, and adjectives.</p><p> It goes after verbs and before nouns and</p><p>adjectives.</p><p> Verb: Saqué una C en mi examen de</p><p>álgebra. Necesito estudiar más.</p><p> Noun: El médico dice que yo necesito</p><p>comer más vegetales.</p><p> Adjective: Yo soy más reservada que mi</p><p>mejor amiga. Ella es más sociable que yo.</p><p>Mi abuela es muy vieja y</p><p>muy car iñosa. No tiene</p><p>mucho dinero, pero sí tiene</p><p>mucha familia y muchos</p><p>amigos que la quieren</p><p>mucho. Ella siempre dice</p><p>que no hay nada más</p><p>importante en la vida que la</p><p>familia. La quiero y la</p><p>respeto muchísimo.</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/jacobmee/3933793500/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>193</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 9</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 3 0</p><p>Muy. To get comfortable with muy give the English equivalents of the sentences below. In the</p><p>box at the bottom, make a note about what you have noticed about where muy goes in the sentence.</p><p>1. Mi esposa es muy bonita.__________________________________________________________</p><p>2. El</p><p>centro estudiantil está muy cerca._________________________________________________</p><p>3. Mi amigo Alberto es muy inteligente. ________________________________________________</p><p>4. Sandra es una chica muy graciosa (funny).____________________________________________</p><p>5. Alejandro y Felipe son muy traviesos (mischievous).____________________________________</p><p>6. La costa está muy lejos de Kansas. __________________________________________________</p><p>Más. To get comfortable with más give the English equivalents of the sentences below. In the</p><p>box at the bottom, make notes about what you have noticed about where más goes in the sentence.</p><p>¡Ojo! Watch out! There are a few different places it can go.</p><p>1. Yo quiero cocinar más. _________________________________________________________</p><p>2. Me gustaría más café, por favor. __________________________________________________</p><p>3. Necesitamos más comida para la fiesta._____________________________________________</p><p>4. Necesito trabajar más porque quiero más dinero. _____________________________________</p><p>_______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/davecrjohnson/14288778708/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>194</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 3 1</p><p>Rellenar el espacio. Fill in the blank using muy, más, or mucho to complete the sentences</p><p>below. Some of these have more than one correct option—when you encounter one of them, discuss</p><p>with a partner how the meaning of the sentence changes based on which word you use.</p><p>1. Yo estoy ______________ cansado.</p><p>2. Jorge trabaja ______________.</p><p>3. Mi esposa es ______________ graciosa.</p><p>4. Necesitamos ______________/______________ pizza para la fiesta.</p><p>5. Yo quiero ser ____________________/______________ fuerte, así que necesito hacer</p><p>______________/______________ ejercicio.</p><p>6. Mi novia necesita estudiar ____________/____________. ¡Va a sacar F en su clase de literatura!</p><p>7. Mi amiga quiere correr un maratón. Para estar lista, se necesita entrenar ______________/</p><p>______________.</p><p>8. Hay ______________ cerveza, ______________ vino y ______________ refrescos en la fiesta.</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 3 2</p><p>Mucho. To get comfortable with mucho, give the English equivalents of the sentences below.</p><p>In the box at the bottom, make a note about what you have noticed about where mucho goes in the</p><p>sentence and what other grammar concerns need to be taken into account.</p><p>1. Mi hermana baila mucho. ________________________________________________________</p><p>2. Este proyecto es mucho trabajo.___________________________________________________</p><p>3. La profesora tiene muchas clases. __________________________________________________</p><p>4. Corro mucho porque me gustan los maratones. _______________________________________</p><p>5. Sofía tiene muchos amigos en Instagram. ___________________________________________</p><p>6. Hay mucha comida en la fiesta. ___________________________________________________</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/159127927@N08/40456273671/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>195</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 3 3</p><p>Preguntas personales. Answer the following questions that use muy, más, or mucho using</p><p>complete sentences. Then, interview a classmate in Spanish. Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿Lees mucho? ¿Por qué sí o por qué no? _____________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Cocinas mucho? ¿Por qué sí o por qué no? __________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿Crees que cuesta más comer en un restaurante o preparar comida en casa? _________________</p><p>______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>4. ¿Eres muy extrovertid@, o eres más introvertid@?____________________________________</p><p>5. ¿Necesitas estudiar más para tus clases? ¿Por qué sí o por qué no? _______________________</p><p>______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>6. ¿Qué te gusta más: leer en la playa o nadar? __________________________________________</p><p>7. ¿Conoces a una persona muy graciosa? ¿Cómo se llama? _______________________________</p><p>________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 3 4</p><p>Muy mucho. May native speakers of English make the mistake of trying to translate “very much”</p><p>as “muy mucho.” This is not correct in Spanish. Instead, we use the superlative muchísmo/a/os/as,</p><p>meaning very much or a LOT. Read the paragraph below, then write a sentence of your own using</p><p>muchísmo. Share with a partner and be prepared to share with the class.</p><p>Este es mi perro, Fidel. Tiene dos años y</p><p>tiene muchísima energía. Es grande y come</p><p>muchísima comida. ¡Pesa (he weighs) 32</p><p>kilos! A él le gusta jugar, y yo le compro</p><p>muchísimos juguetes. Yo le saco a caminar</p><p>muchísimo. También, vamos al parque de</p><p>perros con muchísima frecuencia. ¡Quiero a</p><p>mi Fidel muchísimo!</p><p>https://youtu.be/J8no09IgPrw</p><p>https://youtu.be/wgFIPmZD2lI</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/donkerdink/342671214/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>196</p><p>Before moving on to Chapter 6, reflect upon what you can do with the language.</p><p>Check off all of the things on the list below that you can do.</p><p>For any actions you cannot yet do, review the topic and seek out additional</p><p>resources such as tutoring, extra help from your instructor, online materials, etc.</p><p>After completing this chapter, I can:</p><p> Recall vocabulary related to food.</p><p> Discuss meals.</p><p> Anticipate common expressions that are likely to be used in</p><p>restaurants where Spanish is spoken.</p><p> Manipulate sentences to avoid repetition in conversation.</p><p> Discuss ongoing actions in the present tense.</p><p> Describe my professional goals</p><p> Apply knowledge of geography and vocabulary relating to</p><p>nationality to talk about myself and the peoples of the</p><p>Spanish-speaking world.</p><p> Assess situations to determine whether the verb ser or the</p><p>verb estar should be used.</p><p> Differentiate between muy, más, and mucho.</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>197</p><p>¡A reflexionar sobre los objectivos!</p><p>Goal setting, Paso 1. As we are working to be our best language learners, we need to regular ly</p><p>check in on our progress toward our goals. Use the questions below to reflect upon the goals you set</p><p>for yourself at the beginning of the chapter.</p><p>My two short term goals were:</p><p>1. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p> Did you follow your action plan? In what way(s)? What worked? What didn’t work?</p><p> _______ I have achieved this goal/ ________ I made progress toward this goal/</p><p>_______ I have not made progress toward this goal and should make a revision to my goal</p><p>or my action plan.</p><p>2. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p> Did you follow your action plan? In what way(s)? What worked? What didn’t work?</p><p> _______ I have achieved this goal/ ________ I made progress toward this goal/</p><p>_______ I have not made progress toward this goal and should make a revision to my goal</p><p>or my action plan.</p><p>My one long-term goal was:</p><p>3. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p> Did you follow your action plan? In what way(s)? What worked? What didn’t work?</p><p> _______ I have achieved this goal/ ________ I made progress toward this goal/</p><p>_______ I have not made progress toward this goal and should make a revision to my goal</p><p>or my action plan.</p><p>What do you currently feel is your greatest strength with Spanish? What do you attribute this success</p><p>to? Is there something you are doing in this area that you could apply to weaker areas?</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>198</p><p>¡A revisar los objectivos!</p><p>Goal setting, Paso 2. Before moving on to the next chapter,</p><p>take a moment to update your goals</p><p>and/or action plans. It is okay to keep goals that you set for yourself previously if you are still</p><p>working toward them.</p><p>My two short term goals with action plans:</p><p>1. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p></p><p>2. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p></p><p>My one long-term goal with an action plan:</p><p>3. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p></p><p>Study strategies I find useful:</p><p>New study strategies I could try:</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>199</p><p>V o c a b u l a r i o d e l C a p í t u l o 5</p><p>Español Inglés</p><p>¿A qué te dedicas?</p><p>¿A qué se dedica?</p><p>What do you do for work?</p><p>El/la abogado/a Lawyer</p><p>El aceite Oil</p><p>El agua Water</p><p>El ajo Garlic</p><p>Almorzar (o:ue) To eat lunch</p><p>El almuerzo Lunch</p><p>Los arándanos Blueberries</p><p>Argentina Argentina</p><p>Argentino/a/os/as Argentinean</p><p>El arroz Rice</p><p>El/la artista Artist</p><p>El atún Tuna</p><p>La avena Oatmeal</p><p>El banano/ el plátano Banana</p><p>La barra de cereales Granola bar</p><p>El batido Shake/ Smoothie</p><p>Las bebidas Drinks</p><p>El/la biólogo/a Biologist</p><p>El bistec Steak</p><p>Bolivia Bolivia</p><p>Bolivano/a/os/as Bolivian</p><p>El/la bombero Firefighter</p><p>El brócoli Broccoli</p><p>El café Café</p><p>La cafetería Cafeteria</p><p>Los camarones Shrimp</p><p>La carne Meat</p><p>La carne de cerdo Pork</p><p>La carne de res Beef</p><p>La cebolla Onion</p><p>La cena Dinner</p><p>Cenar To eat dinner</p><p>Español Inglés</p><p>El cereal Cereal</p><p>La cerveza Beer</p><p>Chile Chile</p><p>chileno/a/os/as Chilean</p><p>El/la científico/a Scientist</p><p>El/la cocinero/a Cook</p><p>Colombia Colombia</p><p>colombiano/a/os/as Colombian</p><p>Los condimentos Condiments</p><p>El/la consejero/a Counselor</p><p>Conseguir un trabajo To get a job</p><p>Costa Rica Costa Rica</p><p>costarricense/ ticoa/os/as Costa Rican</p><p>Cuba Cuba</p><p>cubano/a/os/as Cuban</p><p>El/la dentista Dentist</p><p>El durazno/ el melocotón Peach</p><p>Ecuador Ecuador</p><p>ecuatoriano/a/os/as Ecuadoran</p><p>El Salvador El Salvador</p><p>El/la enfermero/a Nurse</p><p>La ensalada Salad</p><p>Los espárragos Asparagus</p><p>Las espinacas Spinach</p><p>Estar desempleado/</p><p>Estar en el paro</p><p>To be unemployed</p><p>España Spain</p><p>español/a/es/as Spanish</p><p>Estudio para ____ I’m studying to be a _____</p><p>Los fideos Noodles</p><p>El/la fotógrafo/a Photographer</p><p>La frambuesa Raspberry</p><p>La fresa/ la frutilla Strawberry</p><p>Los frijoles Beans</p><p>Las frutas Fruit</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>200</p><p>Español Inglés</p><p>Las galletas Cookies</p><p>Ganar la vida To earn a living</p><p>El/la geóloga Geologist</p><p>Guatemala Guatemala</p><p>guatemalteco/a/os/as Guatemalan</p><p>Guinea Ecuatorial Ecuatorial Guinea</p><p>Ecuatoguineano/a/os/as Ecuatoral Guinean</p><p>Las habichuelas Green beans</p><p>La hamburguesa Hamburger</p><p>El helado Ice cream</p><p>Honduras Honduras</p><p>hondureño/a/os/as Honduran</p><p>Los huevos Eggs</p><p>El/la ingeniero/a Engineer</p><p>El jamón Ham</p><p>El/la jefe/jefa Boss</p><p>El jugo/ el zumo Juice</p><p>El ketchup Ketchup</p><p>El kiwi Kiwi</p><p>La leche Milk</p><p>El limón Lime, lemon</p><p>La lima Lime</p><p>El/la maestro/a Teacher</p><p>El maíz Corn</p><p>La mantequilla Butter</p><p>La manzana Apple</p><p>Los mariscos Seafood</p><p>Más More</p><p>La mayonesa Mayonnaise</p><p>El/la mecánico Mechanic</p><p>El/la médico/a Doctor/ Physician</p><p>El melón Melon</p><p>Merendar (e:ie) To snack</p><p>La merienda Snack</p><p>La mermelada Jam/ Jelly</p><p>El/la mesero/a Waiter/ waitress (food server)</p><p>México Mexico</p><p>Español Inglés</p><p>mexicano/a/os/as Mexican</p><p>La mostaza Mustard</p><p>Mucho/a/os/as A lot/ much/ many</p><p>El/la músico Musician</p><p>Muy Very</p><p>La naranja Orange</p><p>Nicaragua Nicaragua</p><p>nicaragüense(s) Nicaraguan</p><p>El pan tostado Toast</p><p>Panamá Panama</p><p>panameño/a/os/as Panamanian</p><p>Las papas/ las patatas Potatoes</p><p>Paraguay Paraguay</p><p>paraguayo/a/os/as Paraguayan</p><p>El pastel Cake</p><p>El pavo Turkey</p><p>El/la peluquero/a Hair stylist</p><p>La pera Pear</p><p>Perú Peru</p><p>peruano/a/os/as Peruvian</p><p>El pescado Fish</p><p>La pimienta Pepper</p><p>El/la pintor(a) Painter</p><p>La piña Pineapple</p><p>La pizza Pizza</p><p>El/la policía Police officer</p><p>El pollo Chicken</p><p>El postre Dessert</p><p>El/la profesor(a) Professor</p><p>Puerto Rico Puerto Rico</p><p>puertoriqueño/a/os/as /</p><p>boriqcua(s)</p><p>Puerto Rican</p><p>El queso Cheese</p><p>Quiero ser ____ I want to be a _______</p><p>Los refrescos Soft drinks</p><p>La República Dominicana Dominican Republic</p><p>dominicano/a/os/as Dominican</p><p>El rosbif Roast beef</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>201</p><p>Español Inglés</p><p>La sandía Watermelon</p><p>La sal Salt</p><p>salvadoreño/a/os/as Salvadoran</p><p>El sándwich Sandwich</p><p>Las sobras Leftovers</p><p>La sopa Soup</p><p>La tarta Pie/ tart</p><p>El té Tea</p><p>Tío/a Uncle/ Aunt</p><p>El tocino Bacon</p><p>El tomate Tomato</p><p>La toronja/ el pomelo Grapefruit</p><p>La torta Pie/ Cake</p><p>Trabajar a tiempo completo/</p><p>parcial</p><p>To work full/ part time</p><p>Trabajar en To work in/ at/ on</p><p>Las uvas Grape</p><p>Uruguay Uruguay</p><p>uruguayo/a/os/as Uruguayan</p><p>Las verduras Vegetables</p><p>Venezuela Venezuela</p><p>venezolano/a/os/as Venezuelan</p><p>El vinagre Vinegar</p><p>El vino Wine</p><p>El yogur Yogurt</p><p>Las zanahorias Carrots</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>202</p><p>Vocabulario Personalizado</p><p>Words you looked up / Words that came up in class</p><p>Español Inglés</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>203</p><p>Capítulo Seis</p><p>Las Antillas es el nombre que lleva una cadena de islas</p><p>que se encuentra entre el mar Caribe y el océano Atlántico.</p><p>Cuba, la República Dominicana, Puerto Rico (EEUU),</p><p>Estado Nueva Esparta (Venezuela), Depedencias Federales</p><p>Venezolanas (Venezuela) y, San Andrés y Providencia</p><p>(Colombia) son las tierras de habla hispana en las Antillas.</p><p>Antes de la llegada de los europeos, varios pueblos indígenas</p><p>habitaban esta región. Los españoles fueron los primeros en</p><p>conquistar estas tierras; sin embargo, otras potencias</p><p>imperialistas, como los ingleses, los franceses y los</p><p>holandeses, llegaron poco después y conquistaron las tierras</p><p>en que los españoles no tenían muy fuerte presencia. Es muy</p><p>importante notar que la esclavitud y el comercio de los</p><p>esclavos era muy común en esa época y que dejó su marca</p><p>para siempre.</p><p>Hoy en día, las Antillas están marcadas por esta historia. Se</p><p>ve la influencia de cada cultura—los indígenas, los europeos</p><p>y los africanos—que ha pisado esta tierra en la cultura, la</p><p>lengua, la religión, la música, el arte, etcétera. Esta mezcla de</p><p>culturas se llama el sincretismo, y se ve por toda</p><p>Latinoamérica.</p><p>Estado Nueva Esparta</p><p>Dependencias Federales</p><p>Venezolanas</p><p>San Andrés y Providencia</p><p>Puerto Rico</p><p>República Dominicana</p><p>Cuba</p><p>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Karte_Karibik_Inseln.png</p><p>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Nueva_Esparta.svg</p><p>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Federal_dependencies_of_Venezuela%27s_Flag.svg</p><p>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s_y_Providencia.svg</p><p>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg</p><p>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg</p><p>https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Flag_of_Cuba.svg</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>204</p><p>Before beginning this chapter, it is important to recognize which skills and tasks you will</p><p>be expected to learn to perform. Do you already have some previous skills or knowledge</p><p>in these areas that you can use to your advantage? Are there any topics that you foresee</p><p>being difficult? If so, it is a good idea to pursue additional assistance to get ahead of any</p><p>potential issues. You are the master of your education—you have the power to take</p><p>ownership of your learning!</p><p>After completing this chapter, I will be able to:</p><p> Recall vocabulary related to health and the human body.</p><p> Express my symptoms in the event of needing medical attention in</p><p>Spanish.</p><p> Discuss my daily routine.</p><p> Distinguish between scenarios that require the use of a reflexive</p><p>pronoun and those that do not.</p><p> Discuss my favorite hobbies and sports.</p><p> Recall expressions that use the verb tener.</p><p> Articulate my responsibilities and obligations in contrast to that</p><p>which I would like to do instead.</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>205</p><p>Pre-chapter activity</p><p>Pre-activity: An important part of this chapter involves descr ibing your daily routine. In</p><p>this activity, you will interpret each of the paragraphs below that describe the daily routines of</p><p>the author. Follow the steps outlined below to discuss your daily routine.</p><p>Marisol:</p><p>Yo me levanto a las siete y media de la mañana. Primero que nada, voy al baño y me lavo la</p><p>cara y me pongo los lentes de contacto para poder ver lo que hago. Después, voy a la cocina</p><p>y pongo agua a hervir para hacer café. Tomo un cafecito y desayuno yogur con frutas.</p><p>Después de comer, regreso al baño y me arreglo el pelo, me maquillo (to put on makeup) y</p><p>me cepillo los dientes. No me ducho por la mañana. Prefiero ducharme antes de acostarme,</p><p>porque me ayuda a dormir bien.</p><p>Francisco:</p><p>Por la mañana, me despierto a las seis. Me levanto unos veinte minutos después porque</p><p>siempre pulso el botón de siestecilla una o dos veces. Después de levantarme, me ducho.</p><p>Me afeito la cara (face) y me cepillo los dientes mientras estoy duchándome. No me seco el</p><p>pelo ni me lo arreglo porque soy calvo. Me visto para el trabajo y salgo de casa a las siete y</p><p>media. Vuelvo a casa a las seis de la tarde, ceno, leo y me acuesto a las diez y media.</p><p>During-activity:</p><p>Paso uno: Read the statements and check Sí or No depending on whether or not the statement</p><p>accurately describes you.</p><p>1. Me levanto antes de las siete de la mañana.</p><p>2. Me levanto después de las siete de la mañana.</p><p>3. Me maquillo por la mañana.</p><p>4. Me afeito la cara.</p><p>5. Prefiero ducharme por la mañana.</p><p>6. Prefiero ducharme por la noche.</p><p>7. Me acuesto después de la medianoche.</p><p>Sí No</p><p>1 1</p><p>2 2</p><p>3 3</p><p>4 4</p><p>5 5</p><p>6 6</p><p>7 7</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>206</p><p>Pre-chapter activity</p><p>Paso dos: Use the questions provided to interview a classmate. Note their responses by filling in</p><p>their name in the first blank and adding “no” in the second blank if their response is negative.</p><p>1. ¿Te levantas antes de las siete de la mañana?</p><p>______________ ____ se levanta antes de las seite de la mañana.</p><p>2. ¿Te levantas después de las siete de la mañana?</p><p>______________ ____ se levanta después de las seite de la mañana.</p><p>3. ¿Te maquillas por la mañana?</p><p>______________ ____ se maquilla por la mañana.</p><p>4. ¿Te afeitas la cara?</p><p>______________ ____ se afeita la cara.</p><p>5. ¿Prefieres ducharte por la mañana?</p><p>______________ ____ prefiere ducharse por la mañana.</p><p>6. ¿Prefieres ducharte por la noche?</p><p>______________ ____ prefiere ducharse por la noche.</p><p>7. ¿Te acuestas después de la medianoche?</p><p>______________ ____ se acuesta después de la medianoche.</p><p>Paso tres: Check the boxes to show what the two of you have in common. You will only select</p><p>Sí if you both agree with the statement in the affirmative.</p><p>1. Mi compañer@ y yo nos levantamos antes de las siete de la mañana.</p><p>2. Mi compañer@ y yo nos levantamos después de las siete de la mañana.</p><p>3. Mi compañer@ y yo nos maquillamos por la mañana.</p><p>4. Mi compañer@ y yo nos afeitamos la cara.</p><p>5. Mi compañer@ y yo preferimos ducharnos por la mañana.</p><p>6. Mi compañer@ y yo preferimos ducharnos por la noche.</p><p>7. Mi compañer@ y yo nos acostamos después de la mediamoche.</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>207</p><p>Pre-chapter activity</p><p>Post-activity:</p><p>Paso cuatro:</p><p>Write five sentences about your daily routine in the box below. Be prepared to share with a</p><p>partner and the class.</p><p>Paso cinco:</p><p>With a partner or in a small group, discuss patterns you saw emerge in the way the language</p><p>works. Then discuss the things you noticed as a class.</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>208</p><p>La salud y el cuerpo humano</p><p>Las partes del cuerpo</p><p>La cara___________________________________</p><p>Los ojos _________________________________</p><p>Las orejas ________________________________</p><p>La nariz __________________________________</p><p>La boca __________________________________</p><p>La cabeza_________________________________</p><p>El cuello _________________________________</p><p>La espalda ________________________________</p><p>El brazo __________________________________</p><p>La mano _________________________________</p><p>La muñeca _______________________________</p><p>El hombro________________________________</p><p>La cadera_________________________________</p><p>La pierna _________________________________</p><p>La rodilla_________________________________</p><p>El tobillo _________________________________</p><p>El pie ___________________________________</p><p>Los dedos (del pie) __________________________</p><p>Los órganos y las partes internas del cuerpo</p><p>La garganta___________________________________</p><p>Los oídos_____________________________________</p><p>El estómago___________________________________</p><p>El abdomen___________________________________</p><p>La panza _____________________________________</p><p>El corazón ____________________________________</p><p>Los pulmones__________________________________</p><p>Los huesos____________________________________</p><p>La sangre_____________________________________</p><p>La piel_______________________________________</p><p>https://youtu.be/uBsl0RjpVic</p><p>https://youtu.be/AmxPI4dXcKc</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/thomashawk/5359603869/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/mhlimages/40096215643/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>209</p><p>L o s s í n t o m a s</p><p>With tener</p><p> (la) tos ____________________________________</p><p> (la) fiebre__________________________________</p><p> (una) infección______________________________</p><p> (la) gripe___________________________________</p><p> Alergia a __________________________________</p><p> dolor de (garganta): _________________________</p><p> (un) resfriado*______________________________</p><p> La nariz tapada______________________________</p><p> La nariz moquienta __________________________</p><p> Los oídos tapados____________________________</p><p> Náuseas ___________________________________</p><p> Buena salud ________________________________</p><p>With estar</p><p> enferm@___________________________________</p><p> embarazada_________________________________</p><p> maread@___________________________________</p><p> adolorid@__________________________________</p><p> en buena forma______________________________</p><p> *resfriad@_________________________________</p><p>L a s m e d i c i n a s y</p><p>L o s r e m e d i o s</p><p> El antibiótico_______________________________</p><p> El jarabe (para) _____________________________</p><p> La pastilla (para chupar)______________________</p><p> La receta___________________________________</p><p> Gotas para (los ojos)_________________________</p><p> El calmante ________________________________</p><p> Hacer gárgaras ______________________________</p><p> Guardar cama _______________________________</p><p> El té de manzanilla ___________________________</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/andy_bernay-roman/364608754/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/ajarrett/11745671244/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>210</p><p>o t r a s e x p r e s i o n e s</p><p>¿Qué le duele? __________________________________________________________________</p><p>Me duele(n) el/la/los/las ( parte del cuerpo): ___________________________________________</p><p>Lastimarse: ____________________________________________________________________</p><p>Enfermarse: ____________________________________________________________________</p><p>Vomitar: _______________________________________________________________________</p><p>Sentirse mejor/peor/igual/adj. : _____________________________________________________</p><p> ¡Que te sientas mejor! _________________________________________________________</p><p>Rompérsele el/la/los/las (un hueso): _________________________________________________</p><p> Se me rompió la pierna= _______________________________________________________</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1</p><p>1.______________________________________________________________</p><p>2.______________________________________________________________</p><p>3._______________________________________________________________</p><p>https://youtu.be/kH-09priIqQ</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/easy-pics/9609167278/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>211</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2</p><p>¿Qué medicina vas a tomar? Using complete sentences, tell me what medicine you will take</p><p>if you are experiencing the following síntomas. You may use words from our vocabulary, name</p><p>brands, or remedios caseros—home remedies.</p><p>1. Tengo tos. ___________________________________________________________________</p><p>2. Tengo fiebre: ________________________________________________________________</p><p>3. Tengo dolor de espalda _________________________________________________________</p><p>4. Tengo una infección de oído _____________________________________________________</p><p>5. Estoy maread@. ______________________________________________________________</p><p>6. Estoy resfriad@ ______________________________________________________________</p><p>7. Tengo alergias temporales* seasonal_______________________________________________</p><p>8. Tengo dolor de garganta ________________________________________________________</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 3</p><p>Los remedios caseros. Does your family have any home remedies that you like to use?</p><p>Write three sentences about how you take care of yourself without taking medicine.</p><p>Video</p><p>______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/easy-pics/9456730843/sizes/l</p><p>https://youtu.be/1EN36j9A-yc</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/another_point_in_time/3546465960/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>212</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 4</p><p>Preguntas personales. Answer the following questions about your health. Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿Cuándo te enfermas?</p><p>Me enfermo cuando ___________________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Eres alérgic@ a algo? ¿A qué?_____________________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿Vas al médico cada año para un examen médico?_______________________________________</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 5</p><p>Asociaciones. What part(s) of the body do you associate with…</p><p>1. Un resfriado _____________________________________________________________________</p><p>2. La gripe _______________________________________________________________________</p><p>3. Una fiebre ______________________________________________________________________</p><p>4. Las alergias _____________________________________________________________________</p><p>5. La tos __________________________________________________________________________</p><p>6. El dolor ________________________________________________________________________</p><p>https://youtu.be/VspAewslEL4</p><p>https://youtu.be/LKmPG0SIxog</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/bastamanography/39868254081/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/el_finco/3910776011/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>213</p><p>Los verbos reflexivos</p><p>What they look like: The infinitive form of reflexive verbs is written with a “se” at the end of</p><p>the –ar, -er, or –ir ending (such as lastimarse and enfermarse like we just saw in the last lesson).</p><p>The “se” is a big red flag saying: HEY! I am a reflexive verb!</p><p>Mi hijo se</p><p>lastima con</p><p>frecuencia</p><p>porque juega</p><p>sin cuidado.</p><p>Mi hija no se</p><p>lastima con</p><p>frecuencia</p><p>porque juega</p><p>con cuidado.</p><p>What they do / when they’re used: Reflexive verbs are used when the subject and the object</p><p>of the sentence are the same: the do-er and the receiver of the action are the same person. When</p><p>learning the infinitives as vocabulary, a good strategy is to study them as “to _____ oneself.”</p><p>For example, lastimarse = to hurt oneself, and lavarse = to wash oneself.</p><p>To distinguish between when a verb may or may not be reflexive, consider the following:</p><p>If I wash the dishes I am the one doing the washing but I am not the one being washed. Lavar</p><p>would not be reflexive in this sentence.</p><p>However, if I wash my hands, I am the one doing the washing AND I am the one being washed.</p><p>Lavar would become reflexive lavarse for this sentence.</p><p>Mi compañera de cuarto lava los platos</p><p>porque yo soy la que cocina.</p><p>Mi hemana es enfermera. Por eso, se lava</p><p>las manos con mucha frecuencia.</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/jackvinson/4161488744/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/cchana/28648897824/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/peapodlabs/6963931014/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/eltpics/6911612586/sizes/o/</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>214</p><p>How they work:</p><p>Step one: change the “se”</p><p>To conjugate reflexive verbs, first change the “se” you see at the end of the infinitive based on the</p><p>do-er of the action (this is called the reflexive pronoun).</p><p>Step two: decide where the reflexive pronoun will go*</p><p>If you have a one-verb phrase, the pronoun must go in front of the conjugated verb.</p><p>Me lavo las manos con frecuencia. ___________________________________________</p><p>If you have a two-verb phrase (the second verb will be an infinitive or a gerund), you can either</p><p>put it in front of the conjugated verb or attached to the end of the infinitive or gerund. It does not</p><p>matter which you choose, as the meaning stays the same and one style is not better than the other.</p><p>If you attach a pronoun to a gerund, put an accent where the stress would fall if the pronoun</p><p>weren’t there.</p><p>Me tengo que lavar las manos con frecuencia.</p><p>Tengo que lavarme las manos con frecuencia.</p><p>Me estoy lavando las manos.</p><p>Estoy lavándome las manos:</p><p>Remember this: Un verbo= una opción. Dos verbos= dos opciones.</p><p>Step three: conjugate—Change the ending of the verb based on the subject as you normally do.</p><p>*Note: We have not seen commands yet, but when we do, we will see that if you have an</p><p>affirmative command that requires a reflexive pronoun, you must attach the pronoun to the end of</p><p>the command.</p><p>Mijo, ¡Lávate las manos! ___________________________________________________</p><p>Also, if you use gustar, attach the reflexive pronoun to the end of the infinitive.</p><p>No me gusta lavarme la cabeza por la noche. ___________________________________</p><p>Me</p><p>Te</p><p>Se</p><p>Nos</p><p>Os</p><p>Se</p><p>_____________________________</p><p>__________________________________________</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>215</p><p>Vocabulario:</p><p>Afeitarse ___________________________________</p><p>Lavarse* ___________________________________</p><p>Llamarse____________________________________</p><p>Acostarse (o:ue)______________________________</p><p>Levantarse___________________________________</p><p>Cepillarse___________________________________</p><p>Ducharse____________________________________</p><p>Bañarse_____________________________________</p><p>Divertirse (e:ie)_______________________________</p><p>Dormirse (o:ue)______________________________</p><p>Irse________________________________________</p><p>Maquillarse__________________________________</p><p>Vestirse (e:i)_________________________________</p><p>Ponerse ____________________________________</p><p>+ adjetivo______________________________</p><p>Despertarse (e:ie)_____________________________</p><p>Relajarse____________________________________</p><p>Quitarse____________________________________</p><p>Quedarse____________________________________</p><p>Sentirse (e:ie) + adjetivo: _______________________</p><p>*Note: When using reflexive verbs with parts of the</p><p>body, use el/ la/ los/ or las instead of possessive</p><p>adjectives. Because of the reflexive verb, we already</p><p>know the body part belongs to that person.</p><p>Me lavo mis manos. Me lavo las manos.</p><p>There are also a lot of reflexive verbs that demonstrate</p><p>a change in emotion (“to get ___________”), such as:</p><p>Frustarse____________________________________</p><p>Enojarse____________________________________</p><p>Alegrarse____________________________________</p><p>“Me alegro” ___________________________</p><p>Enamorarse (de) ______________________________</p><p>Manuel se duerme en clase porque tiene tres</p><p>clases y trabaja a tiempo completo.</p><p>¿Y tú? ¿Te duermes en clase?</p><p>A mi sobrino no le gusta bañarse.</p><p>Jaime se está enamorando de Liliana y ella</p><p>también está enamorándose de él.</p><p>https://youtu.be/ned2ZD2e9j4</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/cjdjkobe/5624576451/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/calamity_photography/4807155262/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/seanomalone/527451406/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>216</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 6</p><p>¡A conjugar! Conjugate the following reflexive verbs to get a feel for pairing each reflexive</p><p>pronoun with the appropriate verb endings.</p><p>Llamarse: to call oneself Lavarse: to wash oneself</p><p>Divertirse: to have fun (e:ie)</p><p>Maquillarse: to put makeup on oneself</p><p>Irse: to leave</p><p>Relajarse: to relax</p><p>Ponerse: to put on oneself/ to get _____</p><p>Cepillarse: to brush oneself</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>217</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 7</p><p>¿Reflexivo o no? Put a check mark above the reflexive actions you see in the photos below.</p><p>For all verbs, write the infinitive in the blank beneath the photo.</p><p>_________________ __________________ _________________ ________________</p><p>_______________ _________________ _______________ __________________</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 8</p><p>Tu rutina de la mañana. Number the following statements to put them in order according to</p><p>your morning routine (The first thing you do in the morning will be number 1). Cross out any</p><p>activities that do not apply to you. If you have extra time, use a las and times of day after each</p><p>phrase for review.</p><p>________ Me lavo la cara………..</p><p>________ Me afeito la cara………..</p><p>________ Me despierto ………..</p><p>________ Me cepillo los dientes (por la mañana)………..</p><p>________ Me afeito las piernas………..</p><p>________ Me cepillo los dientes (por la noche)………..</p><p>________ Me cepillo el cabello………..</p><p>________ Me levanto………..</p><p>________ Me ducho………..</p><p>________ Me maquillo………..</p><p>________ Me visto………..</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/eflon/5004566827/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/chrisamichaels/3212323352/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/barkbud/4377231354/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/elvisripley/231415156/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/91499534@N00/3835898580/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/kateanth/156387840/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/visioplanet/14335571998/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/eventphotosnyc/14024029849/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>218</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 9</p><p>Los productos personales. Fill in the blank to complete each sentence using personal</p><p>products from the word bank.</p><p>Banco de palabras</p><p>Colgate gel de ducha champú jabón Maybelline</p><p>1. Me lavo la cabeza con _______________________.</p><p>2. Me cepillo los dientes con ______________________.</p><p>3. Me maquillo con _______________________.</p><p>4. Me ducho con ________________________.</p><p>5. Me lavo las manos con ________________________.</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 0</p><p>Preguntas personales. Answer the following questions that use reflexive verbs with complete</p><p>sentences. Then, interview a classmate in Spanish. Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿A qué hora te despiertas? ______________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿A qué hora te levantas?________________________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿A qué hora te acuestas?________________________________________________________</p><p>4. ¿Te quitas los zapatos cuando llegas a casa?________________________________________</p><p>5. ¿Con qué frecuencia te vistes profesionalmente?_____________________________________</p><p>6. ¿Con qué frecuencia te vistes elegantemente? _______________________________________</p><p>7. ¿Con qué frecuencia te vistes casualmente? _________________________________________</p><p>8. ¿Te diviertes en las clases?______________________________________________________</p><p>9. ¿Tienes que ponerte un uniforme para el trabajo?____________________________________</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/simbiosc/17258837198/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/lady-madonna/154658352/sizes/l</p><p>https://youtu.be/W3KgFqcQAQA</p><p>https://youtu.be/gauJxnTkzFk</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/dclmeyer/41762545492/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>219</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 1</p><p>Rellenar el espacio. Fill in the blanks to complete each sentence using reflexive verbs. The</p><p>first blank is for the reflexive pronoun, and the second blank is for the conjugated verb. Then, give</p><p>the English equivalent.</p><p>1. María José _________ ___________________ antes del trabajo. (ducharse)</p><p>_______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>2. Samuelito _________ ___________________ a las ocho de la noche. (acostarse)</p><p>_______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>3. La banda de Ester _________ ___________________ La Reinas del Rock. (llamarse)</p><p>_______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>4. Tú _________ vas a ___________________ de negro para el funeral, ¿verdad? (vestirse)</p><p>_______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>5. Mis papás _________ ___________________ muy temprano. (levantarse)</p><p>_______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>6. Miguel Ángel _________ ___________________ profesionalmente todos los días porque es</p><p>un banquero. (vestirse)</p><p>_______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>7. Usted _________ ___________________ Jorge Rivera, ¿no? (llamarse)</p><p>_______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>8. ¿Ustedes _________ ___________________ los dientes con Crest, Colgate, u otra marca de</p><p>pasta dental? (cepillarse / lavarse)</p><p>_______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>9. Yo _________ ___________________ a las siete de la mañana. (levantarse)</p><p>_______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>10. Nosotros _________ ___________________ frustrados cuando hay un embotellamiento</p><p>(traffic jam) en la carretera (highway). (ponerse)</p><p>_______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/fredcamino/2277753392/sizes/o/</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>220</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 2</p><p>¿Cómo te pones? How do you get? Use reflexive verbs that show changes in emotion to answer</p><p>the following questions about how you feel in different situations. You may use verbs more than once.</p><p>Banco de palabras</p><p>Ponerse + adjetivo frustrarse enojarse alegrarse enamorarse</p><p>1. ¿Cómo te pones cuando no entiendes la</p><p>lección de español?</p><p>_______________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Cómo te pones cuando recibes una nota</p><p>buena en un examen difícil?</p><p>______________________________________</p><p>______________________________________ _____________________________________</p><p>_____________________________________ ______________________________________</p><p>_____________________________________ ______________________________________</p><p>_____________________________________ ______________________________________</p><p>_____________________________________ ______________________________________</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 8</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 9</p><p>Las presentaciones. Follow the steps below to practice introducing friends and meeting new</p><p>people.</p><p>Paso 1: Find a partner and introduce yourselves to one another.</p><p>Paso 2: Then, find another set of partners. Greet them and introduce your partner to them.</p><p>Your partner will then introduce you to the other set of partners. Now it is their turn to introduce</p><p>each other to you and your partner.</p><p>Paso 3: Elect a spokesperson for your group. When called upon, the spokesperson will</p><p>introduce each member of the group to your instructor. Your instructor will respond to each</p><p>member of the group with a pleasantry, and each member of the group will respond in kind.</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/thinkglobalschool/15177193870/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>19</p><p>El alfabeto</p><p>A</p><p>B</p><p>C</p><p>D</p><p>E</p><p>F</p><p>G</p><p>H</p><p>I</p><p>J</p><p>K</p><p>L</p><p>LL</p><p>M</p><p>N</p><p>Ñ</p><p>O</p><p>P</p><p>Q</p><p>R, RR</p><p>S</p><p>T</p><p>U</p><p>V</p><p>W</p><p>X</p><p>Y</p><p>Z</p><p>Letra Nombre</p><p>a</p><p>be</p><p>ce</p><p>de</p><p>e</p><p>efe</p><p>ge</p><p>hache</p><p>i</p><p>jota</p><p>ka</p><p>Ele</p><p>elle</p><p>eme</p><p>ene</p><p>eñe</p><p>o</p><p>pe</p><p>qu</p><p>Ere, erre</p><p>ese</p><p>te</p><p>u</p><p>ve</p><p>doble u</p><p>equis</p><p>i griega</p><p>zeta</p><p>Ejemplo</p><p>Ana</p><p>Botas</p><p>Campo, Cecilia</p><p>Daniel, cortado</p><p>Emocionante</p><p>Filosofía</p><p>Geografía</p><p>Hola</p><p>Ignacio</p><p>Japaleño</p><p>Kiosko</p><p>Lupe</p><p>Me llamo</p><p>María</p><p>Nicaragua</p><p>Piñata</p><p>Olga</p><p>Picante</p><p>Queso</p><p>Pero, perro, rima</p><p>Samuel</p><p>Teatro</p><p>Universidad</p><p>Vamos</p><p>Washington</p><p>Examen</p><p>Playa</p><p>Lápiz</p><p>Pronunciación</p><p>Ah</p><p>C + a/o/u/consonante = kuh & C + e/i = suh</p><p>“D” sound, softens between two vowels</p><p>“Eyh” (like, “spray”)</p><p>G + a/o/u/consonante = guh & G + e/i = huh</p><p>The ‘h’ is SILENT (unless it’s a ch)</p><p>“ee” sound</p><p>Makes same sound as the English “H”</p><p>Double L makes a “y” sound</p><p>Makes the sound that you hear in “onion”</p><p>Q absorbs the sound of the vowel that follows u</p><p>The R is rolled if a word begins with R or if RR</p><p>“OO” sound like “Boo!” NEVER “you” sound</p><p>“B” sound, some countries a little softer</p><p>“KS” sound, like “ek-samen”</p><p>“S” sound</p><p>https://youtu.be/k1oIecYCxUU</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>20</p><p>Some variations</p><p>As with any language, regional variations exist within the Spanish language.</p><p> Some countries call the letter V “uve” instead of “ve”</p><p> W can be ve doble, doble ve, uve doble, or doble uve.</p><p> Some countries call the double R “erre” and others call it “doble ere”</p><p> In some countries, the letter Y is called “ye” instead of “i griega.”</p><p> The Y and LL are pronounced like a “shuh” in Argentina and Uruguay</p><p> In Spain, the letters Z and “ce” and “ci” make a “thuh” sound instead of the “S” sound</p><p> For the letter X there are a few words that make a “huh” sound instead of the KS. They</p><p>are older words (usually names), like México and Don Quixote.</p><p>Las vocales</p><p>The key to your Spanish</p><p>pronunciation and comprehension</p><p>is mastery of the vowels.</p><p>There is only one way to</p><p>pronounce each of these letters.</p><p>A - ah</p><p>E - eyh</p><p>I - ee</p><p>O - o</p><p>U - oo</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/sophieffc/2522215000/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>21</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 0</p><p>¿Cómo te llamas? Practice spelling out your full name using the Spanish alphabet.</p><p>¿Cómo se escribe? Next, practice out loud with three classmates using the following questions.</p><p>Audio Video</p><p>¿Cuál es tu nombre? - What is your name?</p><p>¿Cuál es tu apellido? - What is your last name?</p><p>¿Cómo se escribe? - How is it written?</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 1</p><p>La ortografía. With a partner, practice spelling some of our recent vocabulary words.</p><p>1. Hola _________________________________________________________________________</p><p>2. Señor ________________________________________________________________________</p><p>3. Soy __________________________________________________________________________</p><p>4. Bien __________________________________________________________________________</p><p>5. Chao __________________________________________________________________________</p><p>https://youtu.be/zSJLVri8KgY</p><p>https://youtu.be/q5KtW7BO3V0</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/twicepix/7923685928/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>22</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 2</p><p>La geografía. Fill in the blanks with the missing letter from the Latin American countries</p><p>listed below. Then, write out the name of the letter.</p><p>Mé___ico</p><p>_______</p><p>Ve___ezuela</p><p>_____</p><p>Co___ombia</p><p>_____</p><p>Pe___ú</p><p>_____</p><p>Nicara__ua</p><p>_____</p><p>C___ile</p><p>______ Urugua___</p><p>______</p><p>Boli___ia</p><p>_____</p><p>La ___epública Dominicana</p><p>_____</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/54545503@N04/5458099818/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>23</p><p>Las materias</p><p>Las materias/ las asignaturas: Class subjects</p><p>Las ciencias</p><p>La biología ______________________________________</p><p>La química______________________________________</p><p>La geografía_____________________________________</p><p>La física_________________________________________</p><p>Las humanidades</p><p>La literatura______________________________________</p><p>La composición __________________________________</p><p>El drama________________________________________</p><p>La música_______________________________________</p><p>La historia_______________________________________</p><p>El arte__________________________________________</p><p>Las comunicaciones_______________________________</p><p>La sociología_____________________________________</p><p>Las lenguas extranjeras</p><p>El inglés________________________________________</p><p>El español_______________________________________</p><p>El ruso__________________________________________</p><p>El chino_________________________________________</p><p>El japonés_______________________________________</p><p>Otras materias</p><p>Las matemáticas__________________________________</p><p>La pedagogía ____________________________________</p><p>La psicología_____________________________________</p><p>La filosofía______________________________________</p><p>La computación___________________________________</p><p>La administración de empresas</p><p>_______________________________________________</p><p>Yo estudio biología.</p><p>Me gusta el arte.</p><p>Mi amigo estudia chino.</p><p>Me gusta la psicología.</p><p>https://youtu.be/rU4yaAWlAmE</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/planetbond/531843326/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/7603557@N08/14820704766/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/matsuyuki/5130799945/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/lauradahl/3201829215/sizes/o/</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>24</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 3</p><p>Asociaciones. What class subject(s) do you associate with the following well-known people?</p><p>1. Frida Khalo ______________________________________________</p><p>2. Albert Einstein ____________________________________________</p><p>3. Shakespeare ______________________________________________</p><p>4. George Washington ________________________________________</p><p>5. Shakira __________________________________________________</p><p>6. Aristóteles________________________________________________</p><p>7. Sigmund Freud_____________________________________________</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 4</p><p>Likes and Dislikes. Under line whether you like or dislike the following class subjects, then</p><p>interview a classmate to discover interests that you have in common.</p><p>1. ¿Te gusta el arte? Sí, me gusta el arte….....No, no me gusta el arte.</p><p>2. ¿Te gusta la historia? Sí, me gusta la historia….....No,</p><p>_______________________________________</p><p>3. ¿Cómo te pones cuando tienes una entrevista</p><p>de trabajo?</p><p>_______________________________________</p><p>4. ¿Cómo te pones cuando un amigo te miente</p><p>(lies to you)?</p><p>_______________________________________</p><p>5. ¿Cómo te pones cuando conoces a tu media</p><p>naranja (soulmate)?</p><p>_______________________________________</p><p>6. ¿Cómo te pones cuando no duermes bien?</p><p>_______________________________________</p><p>7. ¿Cómo te pones cuando pasas tiempo con</p><p>amigos?</p><p>_______________________________________</p><p>8. ¿Cómo te pones cuando encuentras veinte</p><p>dólares en tu bolsillo (pocket)?</p><p>_______________________________________</p><p>9. ¿Cómo te pones cuando tienes que estudiar</p><p>para un examen?</p><p>_______________________________________</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/10185872@N06/15202454289/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/mozzercork/109582266/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/hanuman/2584114127/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>221</p><p>Los deportes y los pasatiempos</p><p>Las actividades deportivas</p><p>Jugar al golf ____________________________________</p><p>Jugar al béisbol__________________________________</p><p>Jugar al tenis____________________________________</p><p>Jugar al hockey__________________________________</p><p>Jugar al fútbol (americano)_________________________</p><p>Jugar al básquetbol/ baloncesto _____________________</p><p>Practicar la natación (nadar) _______________________</p><p>Practicar el atletismo______________________________</p><p>Correr/ hacer jogging_____________________________</p><p>Practicar el ciclismo ______________________________</p><p>Andar en bicicleta________________________________</p><p>Levantar pesas__________________________________</p><p>Esquiar________________________________________</p><p>Hacer snowboarding______________________________</p><p>Hacer ejercicio __________________________________</p><p>Los pasatiempos</p><p>Leer___________________________________________</p><p>Novelas, revistas, etc.</p><p>Jugar a las cartas_________________________________</p><p>Salir __________________________________________</p><p>+ a bailar, a pasear, a cenar, al cine, etc.</p><p>Hacer manualidades ______________________________</p><p>Dibujar________________________________________</p><p>Pintar__________________________________________</p><p>Coleccionar (algo) _______________________________</p><p>Sellos, juguetes antiguos, monedas, etc.</p><p>Practicar la jardinería _____________________________</p><p>Escalar_________________________________________</p><p>Montar a caballo ________________________________</p><p>Ir de excursión __________________________________</p><p>Pescar (ir de pesca)_______________________________</p><p>Cazar (ir de caza)________________________________</p><p>Mi padre juega al golf en el verano.</p><p>Kiara hace jogging por la mañana.</p><p>Le gusta hacer ejercicio.</p><p>Liliana escala mucho con sus amigos.</p><p>A ellos les gusta escalar en los</p><p>parques estatales.</p><p>https://youtu.be/wabdOW4SnVQ</p><p>https://youtu.be/XbXls9GYJeI</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/kurbanowicz/12758383654/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/j_benson/8648362814/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/renotahoe/5330808281/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>222</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 3</p><p>¡A personalizar! Personalize our vocabulary by putting each new term under one of the</p><p>categories below. Then, use the prompts at the bottom of the page to discuss with a partner.</p><p>Yo lo hago</p><p>mucho</p><p>Yo lo hago de</p><p>vez en cuando</p><p>No lo hago, pero</p><p>me gusta verlo</p><p>No me</p><p>interesa</p><p>Compare with a partner. Discuss the</p><p>questions below:</p><p>1. ¿Cuáles son los deportes y pasatiempos</p><p>que hacemos nosotros dos ?</p><p>2. ¿Qué me interesa a mí que no te interesa</p><p>a ti? ¿Por qué no te interesa?</p><p>3. ¿Qué no me interesa a mí que sí te</p><p>interesa a ti? ¿Por qué te interesa?</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/mark6mauno/15095261601/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>223</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 4</p><p>Asociaciones. If given a vocabulary word, write in the name of someone you associate with that</p><p>sport or hobby (they may be well known or someone only you know). If given a name, write in the</p><p>sport or hobby you associate with that person. Be prepared to discuss your answers with a partner or</p><p>as a class.</p><p>Usain Bolt</p><p>El básquetbol</p><p>Lance Armstrong</p><p>El snowboarding</p><p>El fútbol americano</p><p>El esquí</p><p>La natación</p><p>Rafael Nadal</p><p>Pintar</p><p>Arnold Schwarzenegger</p><p>La pesca</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>224</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 5</p><p>Los beneficios del ejercicio físico.</p><p>Paso 1: Search the Internet for los beneficios del ejercicio físico. Find a good source and read it</p><p>for fluency. Make notes about what you learn in Spanish in the space below.</p><p>Paso 2: Answer the questions below about your own exercise, then discuss the reflection</p><p>questions in Spanish with a partner. Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿Haces ejercicio?</p><p>2. ¿Con qué frecuencia?</p><p>3. ¿Crees que te beneficia o no? ¿Cómo?</p><p>4. Si no haces ejercicio, ¿te interesa? ¿Por qué sí o por qué no?</p><p>https://youtu.be/ghtXnx2qvAE</p><p>https://youtu.be/e8qytNpvuKo</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>225</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 6</p><p>Lo que tenemos en común. Write responses to the questions using complete sentences, then</p><p>discuss the questions below with a partner. In the box at the bottom of the page, write sentences about</p><p>what you and your partner have in common. Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿A qué dedicas tu tiempo libre?</p><p>2. ¿Ves televisión o una película todos los días? ¿Qué te gusta ver?</p><p>3. ¿Te gusta jugar videojuegos? ¿Cuáles?</p><p>4. ¿Haces actividad física con frecuencia? ¿Qué haces? ¿Crees que es divertida?</p><p>5. ¿Sales a bailar con los amigos? ¿Adónde van cuando salen?</p><p>https://youtu.be/H21VVB5t89c</p><p>https://youtu.be/IFjHF2H2A4Q</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>226</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 7</p><p>¿Cuál es? I will tell you what you need to play a certain sport or to do a certain hobby, and</p><p>you will write the new vocabulary word in the blank.</p><p>Necesitas…</p><p>1. Dos equipos de once jugadores y un balón. _________________________________________</p><p>2. Dos equipos de nueve jugadores, una pelota, un guante, y un bate.</p><p>____________________________________________________________________________</p><p>3. Flores y una pala (shovel). _______________________________________________________</p><p>4. Un palo, un disco, y hielo._______________________________________________________</p><p>5. Zapatos cómodos.______________________________________________________________</p><p>6. Nieve._______________________________________________________________________</p><p>7. Una piscina, crema solar, y un traje de baño. ________________________________________</p><p>8. Una raqueta, una pelota, y una red.________________________________________________</p><p>9. Dos equipos de cinco jugadores, un balón, y un aro (hoop). ____________________________</p><p>10. Una bicicleta._________________________________________________________________</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/pmillera4/6923117852/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/tamasvarga67/7347480030/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/skynoir/13922759678/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>227</p><p>Expresiones con tener</p><p>There are several common expressions in Spanish that use the verb tener. They don’t translate</p><p>directly to English, so it is important to spend extra time studying these special expressions.</p><p>Tener que (infinitivo) ______________________________</p><p>Tener ganas de (infinitivo)___________________________</p><p>Tener (mucho) frío_________________________________</p><p>Tener (mucho) calor________________________________</p><p>Tener (mucha) hambre______________________________</p><p>Tener (mucha) sed_________________________________</p><p>Tener (mucho) sueño_______________________________</p><p>Tener (mucho) cuidado_____________________________</p><p>Tener (mucho) miedo (de)___________________________</p><p>Tener (muchos) celos_______________________________</p><p>Tener (mucha) prisa________________________________</p><p>Tener (mucha) vergüenza___________________________</p><p>Tener (#) años____________________________________</p><p>Tener (mucha) suerte_______________________________</p><p>Tener razón*_____________________________________</p><p>*You can make any of these negative by using “no.”</p><p>Marco tiene mucha sed.</p><p>Yo tengo miedo de las montañas</p><p>rusas.</p><p>Lucía tiene prisa. Sandra tiene mucho frío. Carlita tiene mucho sueño.</p><p>https://youtu.be/2_eqnRT3zno</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/lesaclose/3328804601/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/quinnanya/21968247419/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/cwm/661363537/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/stillmemory/8480650040/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/dangermain/304580309/sizes/o/</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>228</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 8</p><p>Asociaciones. What tener expression do you associate with the pictures below?</p><p>1.</p><p>______________________________________________</p><p>2.</p><p>_______________________________________________</p><p>3.</p><p>________________________________________________</p><p>4.</p><p>________________________________________________</p><p>5.</p><p>________________________________________________</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/vamapaull/12258070795/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/cmbellman/3156460605/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/fromthefrontend/4314987734/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/manchesterstreetsnaps/14918453161/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/stela269/7129522777/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>229</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 0</p><p>Tener ganas de infinitivo. Draw lines to match how the person is feeling with what they feel like (or</p><p>don’t feel like) doing. You may draw lines to as many of the boxes that make sense for the situation.</p><p>1. Estoy muy cansada.</p><p>2. Tengo hambre.</p><p>3. Es mi cumpleaños.</p><p>4. Es sábado.</p><p>5. Estoy enfermo.</p><p>6. Tengo sed.</p><p>Tengo ganas de celebrar.</p><p>Tengo ganas de dormir.</p><p>Tengo ganas de comer.</p><p>No tengo ganas de estudiar.</p><p>Tengo ganas de guardar cama.</p><p>Tengo ganas de beber algo.</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 9</p><p>Tener que infinitivo. State where you go when you have to do the activities below. Then, discuss</p><p>with a partner to discover what you have in common.</p><p>1. Tengo que lavar el carro.</p><p>2. Tengo que tomar un examen.</p><p>3. Tengo que estudiar.</p><p>4. Tengo que comprar comida.</p><p>5. Tengo que comprar ropa.</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>230</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 1</p><p>Rellenar el espacio. Fill in the blank to complete each sentence.</p><p>1. Yo __________________________________ porque tengo clase en cinco minutos y todavía*</p><p>(still) estoy en casa.</p><p>2. Mi hijo __________________________________ porque no duerme muy bien.</p><p>3. Ustedes __________________________________ porque la temperatura está a 5 grados y</p><p>llevan shorts y camisetas.</p><p>4. La profesora __________________________________, así que necesita una merienda.</p><p>5. Mis perros __________________________________ , así que necesitan agua.</p><p>6. Mi mamá_________________________________ porque lleva un suéter de lana (wool) en</p><p>agosto.</p><p>7. Angélica __________________________________ porque su ex tiene una novia nueva.</p><p>8. Porque tú __________________________________ de las alturas, es probable que jamás vayas</p><p>a hacer un salto bungee.* (También se dice “hacer puenting”.)</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 2</p><p>Hay tanto que hacer. Use the tener ganas de (infinitive) expression and the tener que (infinitive)</p><p>expression to create three sentences that say what you feel like doing, but what you have to do instead.</p><p>Por ejemplo: Tengo ganas de ir a Seattle, pero tengo que estudiar para el examen de español.</p><p>Audio Video</p><p>1._________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>2._________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>3._________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/baerchen57/8015172556/sizes/l</p><p>https://youtu.be/4K-FulucWWE</p><p>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IFjHF2H2A4Q</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>231</p><p>Before moving on to Chapter 7, reflect upon what you can do with the language.</p><p>Check off all of the things on the list below that you can do.</p><p>For any actions you cannot yet do, review the topic and seek out additional</p><p>resources such as tutoring, extra help from your instructor, online materials, etc.</p><p>After completing this chapter, I can:</p><p> Recall vocabulary related to health and the human body.</p><p> Express my symptoms in the event of needing medical attention</p><p>in Spanish.</p><p> Discuss my daily routine.</p><p> Distinguish between scenarios that require the use of a reflexive</p><p>pronoun and those that do not.</p><p> Discuss my favorite hobbies and sports.</p><p> Recall expressions that use the verb tener.</p><p> Articulate my responsibilities and obligations in contrast to that</p><p>which I would like to do instead.</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>232</p><p>¡A reflexionar sobre los objectivos!</p><p>Goal setting, Paso 1. As we are working to be our best language learners, we need to regular ly</p><p>check in on our progress toward our goals. Use the questions below to reflect upon the goals you set</p><p>for yourself at the beginning of the chapter.</p><p>My two short term goals were:</p><p>1. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p> Did you follow your action plan? In what way(s)? What worked? What didn’t work?</p><p> _______ I have achieved this goal/ ________ I made progress toward this goal/</p><p>_______ I have not made progress toward this goal and should make a revision to my goal</p><p>or my action plan.</p><p>2. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p> Did you follow your action plan? In what way(s)? What worked? What didn’t work?</p><p> _______ I have achieved this goal/ ________ I made progress toward this goal/</p><p>_______ I have not made progress toward this goal and should make a revision to my goal</p><p>or my action plan.</p><p>My one long-term goal was:</p><p>3. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p> Did you follow your action plan? In what way(s)? What worked? What didn’t work?</p><p> _______ I have achieved this goal/ ________ I made progress toward this goal/</p><p>_______ I have not made progress toward this goal and should make a revision to my goal</p><p>or my action plan.</p><p>What do you currently feel is your greatest strength with Spanish? What do you attribute this success</p><p>to? Is there something you are doing in this area that you could apply to weaker areas?</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>233</p><p>¡A revisar los objectivos!</p><p>Goal setting, Paso 2. Before moving on to the next chapter, take a moment to update your goals</p><p>and/or action plans. It is okay to keep goals that you set for yourself previously if you are still</p><p>working toward them.</p><p>My two short term goals with action plans:</p><p>1. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p></p><p>2. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p></p><p>My one long-term goal with an action plan:</p><p>3. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p></p><p>Study strategies I find useful:</p><p>New study strategies I could try:</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>234</p><p>V o c a b u l a r i o d e l C a p í t u l o 6</p><p>Español Inglés</p><p>El abdomen The abdomen</p><p>Acostarse (o:ue) To go to bed</p><p>Afeitarse To shave oneself</p><p>Alegrarse To get happy</p><p>Andar en bicicleta To ride a bike</p><p>El antibiótico The antibiotic</p><p>Bañarse To bathe oneself</p><p>La boca The mouth</p><p>El brazo The arm</p><p>La cabeza The head</p><p>La cadera The hip</p><p>La cara The face</p><p>Cepillarse To brush (oneself)</p><p>El champú Shampoo</p><p>Coleccionar To collect</p><p>El corazón The heart</p><p>Correr To run</p><p>El cuello The neck</p><p>El cuerpo The body</p><p>El deporte The sport</p><p>Despertarse (e:ie) To wake (oneself) up</p><p>Dibujar To draw</p><p>Divertirse (e:ie) To have fun</p><p>Dormirse (o:ue) To fall asleep</p><p>Enamorarse (de ______ ) To fall in love (with)</p><p>Enfermarse To get sick</p><p>Enojarse To get angry</p><p>El equipo The team</p><p>Escalar To climb</p><p>La espalda The back</p><p>Esquiar To ski</p><p>Estar adolorido To be sore</p><p>Estar en buena forma To be in good shape</p><p>Estar enferm@ To be sick</p><p>Español Inglés</p><p>Estar embarazada To be pregnant</p><p>Estar maread@ To be dizzy</p><p>Estar refriad@ To have a cold</p><p>El estómago The stomach</p><p>Frustrarse To get frustrated</p><p>La garganta The throat</p><p>El gel de ducha Shower gel</p><p>Las gotas The drops</p><p>Guardar cama To stay in bed</p><p>Hacer ejercicio To exercise</p><p>Hacer jogging To jog</p><p>Hacer manualidades To do arts and crafts</p><p>Hacer snowboarding To snowboard</p><p>El hombro The shoulder</p><p>Los huesos The bones</p><p>Ir de excursión To go hiking</p><p>Irse To leave</p><p>El jabón The soap</p><p>El jarabe The syrup</p><p>Jugar a las cartas To play cards</p><p>Jugar al béisbol To play baseball</p><p>Jugar al golf To play golf</p><p>Jugar al fútbol (americano) To play soccer (football)</p><p>Jugar al hockey To play hockey</p><p>Jugar al tenis To play tennis</p><p>Los juguetes antiguos The old toys</p><p>Lastimarse To injure/ hurt oneself</p><p>Lavarse To wash (oneself)</p><p>Leer To read</p><p>Levantar pesas To lift weights</p><p>Levantarse To wake up</p><p>Llamarse To call oneself</p><p>La mano The hand</p><p>Maquillarse To put on makeup</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>235</p><p>V o c a b u l a r i o d e l C a p í t u l o 6</p><p>Español Inglés</p><p>Me duele(n) My _____ hurts</p><p>La mano The hand</p><p>Maquillarse To put on makeup</p><p>Me duele(n) My _____ hurts</p><p>La medicina The medicine</p><p>La moneda Coin</p><p>Montar a caballo To ride a horse</p><p>La muñeca The wrist</p><p>La nariz (tapada/ moquienta) The nose (stuffy/ runny)</p><p>Los oídos The inner ears</p><p>Los ojos The eyes</p><p>Las orejas The ears</p><p>Los órganos The organs</p><p>La panza Tummy</p><p>Los pasatiempos The hobbies</p><p>La pastilla (para chupar) The pill (lozenge)</p><p>Pescar (la pesca) To fish (fishing)</p><p>El pie The foot</p><p>La piel The skin</p><p>La pierna The leg</p><p>Pintar To paint</p><p>Ponerse To put on oneself / to get ____</p><p>Practicar el ciclismo To practice cycling</p><p>Practicar la jardinería To garden</p><p>Practicar la natación (nadar) To swim</p><p>Los pulmones The lungs</p><p>¡Que te sientas mejor! Feel better!</p><p>Quedarse To stay / to remain</p><p>Quitarse To take off / to remove (from</p><p>oneself)</p><p>La receta The prescription / the recipe</p><p>Relajarse To relax</p><p>El remedio The remedy</p><p>La rodilla The knee</p><p>Rompérsele ___________ To break something on oneself</p><p>Español Inglés</p><p>Salir (a infinitivo) To leave / to go out (to _____)</p><p>La salud The health</p><p>La sangre The blood</p><p>Los sellos The stamps</p><p>Sentirse (e:ie) To feel</p><p>Ser alérgic@ To be allergic</p><p>El síntoma The symptom</p><p>El té de manzanilla Chamomile tea</p><p>Tener alergias To have allergies</p><p>Tener ___ años To be _____ years old</p><p>Tener (mucho) calor To be (very) hot</p><p>Tener (muchos) celos To be (very) jealous</p><p>Tener (mucho) cuidado To be (very) careful</p><p>Tener dolor de ______ To have pain (in the _____)</p><p>Tener fiebre To have a fever</p><p>Tener (mucho) frío To be (very)</p><p>Tener ganas de (infinitivo) To feel like ______ing</p><p>Tener gripe To have the flu</p><p>Tener (mucha) hambre To be (very) hungry</p><p>Tener una infección To have an infection</p><p>Tener (mucho) miedo To be (very) scared</p><p>Tener náuseas To be nauseous</p><p>Tener la nariz tapada To have a stuffy nose</p><p>Tener los oídos tapados To have plugged ears</p><p>Tener (mucha) prisa To be in (a big) hurry</p><p>Tener que (infinitivo) To have to __________</p><p>Tener razón To be right</p><p>Tener un refriado To have a cold</p><p>Tener (mucha) sed To be (very) thirsty</p><p>Tener (mucho) sueño To be (very) sleepy</p><p>Tener (mucha) suerte To be (very) lucky</p><p>Tener tos To have a cough</p><p>Tener (mucha) vergüenza To be (very) embarrassed</p><p>El tobillo The ankle</p><p>Vestirse (e:i) To dress oneself</p><p>Vomitar To vomit</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>236</p><p>Vocabulario Personalizado</p><p>Words you looked up / Words that came up in class</p><p>Español Inglés</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>237</p><p>Capítulo Siete</p><p>El silbo gomero es un lenguaje silbado (whisteled) que se usa en las Canarias,</p><p>una cadena de islas cerca de la costa de África que pertenece a España. La</p><p>Gomera es la isla donde más se usa el silbo. Es una tradición muy antigua, que</p><p>empezó hace siglos con los indígenas de la región. Desde entonces, se ha</p><p>modernizado y adaptado al castellano (el español). El</p><p>silbo crea tonos que se pueden reconocer a distancia,</p><p>mucha más distancia que la lengua hablada. Por eso, el</p><p>silbo ayuda a los habitantes de las islas a comunicarse,</p><p>porque la tierra es muy montañosa y no se puede</p><p>caminar fácilmente de casa a casa. Entonces, los</p><p>gomeros usan el silbo si necesitan ayuda, para preguntar</p><p>si todo está bien con los vecinos, para llamar a un</p><p>médico, para anunciar fiestas y funerales, etcétera. Sin</p><p>embargo, con la llegada de los móviles, ya no es tan</p><p>difícil comunicarse y hay que hacer un esfuerzo a</p><p>conservar la lengua. Desde el año 1999, los niños</p><p>gomeros aprenden a silbar en la escuela en la Gomera</p><p>para que se conserve esta lengua rica y única.</p><p>La Gomera</p><p>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:El_Silbo.jpg</p><p>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mapa_territorios_Espa%C3%B1a_Canarias.svg</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/katchooo/8064516733/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>238</p><p>Before beginning this chapter, it is important to recognize which skills and tasks you will</p><p>be expected to learn to perform. Do you already have some previous skills or knowledge</p><p>in these areas that you can use to your advantage? Are there any topics that you foresee</p><p>being difficult? If so, it is a good idea to pursue additional assistance to get ahead of any</p><p>potential issues. You are the master of your education—you have the power to take</p><p>ownership of your learning!</p><p>After completing this chapter, I will be able to:</p><p> Differentiate between the verbs saber and conocer to discuss things</p><p>that are known in different situations.</p><p> Manipulate sentences to incorporate indirect object pronouns.</p><p> Express my preferences and other interests using verbs like gustar.</p><p> Assemble sentences using demonstrative adjectives and pronouns to</p><p>describe the world around me.</p><p> Make comparisons of equality and inequality.</p><p> Analyze a group of people or items and describe the extremes (ie.</p><p>Tallest, shortest) using superlatives.</p><p> Use the superlative suffix ísmo/a/os/as to add emphasis to</p><p>characteristics.</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>239</p><p>Pre-chapter activity</p><p>Pre-activity: An important part of this chapter involves descr ibing your preferences and</p><p>interests using verbs like gustar. In this activity, you will interpret each of the paragraphs below</p><p>that describe the preferences and interests of two people. Follow the steps outlined below to</p><p>discuss your own preferences and interests.</p><p>Soledad</p><p>A mí me interesa el mundo. Me fascina conocer otras culturas y nuevos lugares y me fascinan</p><p>las lenguas extranjeras. No me interesan las matemáticas. A todos mis amigos les encanta el</p><p>fútbol pero, a mí no. No es que no me gusta nada, sino que no me interesa mucho. Me encanta</p><p>cocinar y me gusta intentar</p><p>a preparar recetas internacionales. A mi novio le gusta probar lo que</p><p>cocino yo. A él le gusta lavar los platos. ¡Qué bien, porque a mí no me gusta nada!</p><p>Andrés</p><p>Soy artista y mí me fascina el arte. También, me encanta la música. Me gusta mucho el rock</p><p>alternativo y el métal. No sé tocar ningún instrumento pero, me interesa la idea de aprender a</p><p>tocar la guitarra eléctrica o la batería. No me interesa el bajo ni tampoco me interesan los</p><p>instrumentos de viento. A mi esposo no le interesa mi música. A él le fascinan los Beatles y los</p><p>demás gigantes del rocanrol. A él también le encanta el motown y la big band. Nuestros gustos</p><p>musicales son muy diferentes pero, mi música no le molesta a mi esposo y que su música no me</p><p>molesta a mí. ¡El amor es compromiso!</p><p>During-activity:</p><p>Paso uno: Read the statements and check Sí or No depending on whether or not the statement</p><p>accurately describes you.</p><p>1. Me fascinan otras culturas.</p><p>2. Me fascina el arte.</p><p>3. Me interesan las matemáticas.</p><p>4. Me interesa el fútbol.</p><p>5. Me encanta cocinar.</p><p>6. Me encanta la música.</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>240</p><p>Pre-chapter activity</p><p>Paso dos: Use the questions provided to interview a classmate. Note their responses by filling in</p><p>their name in the first blank and adding “no” in the second blank if their response is negative.</p><p>1. ¿Te fascinan otras culturas?</p><p>A ____________________________ ____ le fascinan otras culturas.</p><p>2. ¿Te fascina el arte?</p><p>A ____________________________ ____ le fascina el arte.</p><p>3. ¿Te interesan las matemáticas?</p><p>A ____________________________ ____ le interesan las matemáticas.</p><p>4. ¿Te interesa el fútbol?</p><p>A ____________________________ ____ le interesa el fútbol.</p><p>5. ¿Te encanta cocinar?</p><p>A ____________________________ ____ le encanta cocinar.</p><p>6. ¿Te encanta la música?</p><p>A ____________________________ ____ le encanta la música.</p><p>Paso tres: Check the boxes to show what the two of you have in common. Only select Sí if you</p><p>both agree with the statement in the affirmative.</p><p>1. A mi compañer@ y a mí nos fascinan otras culturas.</p><p>2. A mi compañer@ y a mí nos fascina el arte.</p><p>3. A mi compañer@ y a mí nos interesan las matemáticas.</p><p>4. A mi compañer@ y a mí nos interesa el fútbol.</p><p>5. A mi compañer@ y a mí nos encanta cocinar.</p><p>6. A mi compañer@ y a mí nos encanta la música.</p><p>Post-activity:</p><p>With a partner, discuss what you notice about how the language works when discussing</p><p>preferences and interests. Be prepared to discuss as a class.</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>241</p><p>Saber versus Conocer</p><p>To know vs. To know…. How do you know?</p><p>In Spanish, we have two verbs that translate to “to know” in English; however, each is used in</p><p>specific situations and they are not interchangeable.</p><p>Saber is used when talking about knowing facts, skills, and information. It is used to discuss</p><p>learned knowledge.</p><p>We also use it followed by an infinitive to communicate “to know how to (swim, draw, cook,</p><p>etc.)”.</p><p>If you have a question word in your sentence, it’s a good clue that saber should be used.</p><p>Shortcut question: Did I learn it?</p><p>Conocer is used when talking about knowing people, places, and things (like movies, books,</p><p>art, etc.) that someone is familiar with. It is used to discuss experiential knowledge.</p><p>Shortcut question: Did I live it?</p><p>Saber</p><p>Facts</p><p>¿Sabes que los delfines no son peces?</p><p>¡Son mamíferos!</p><p>Information</p><p>Mi asistente personal sabe mi horario</p><p>mejor que yo.</p><p>Skills</p><p>Sonia y su hermano saben álgebra bien</p><p>porque su madre es profesora de</p><p>matemáticas.</p><p>How-to</p><p>Yo no sé tocar el piano.</p><p>Conocer</p><p>People</p><p>¿Conoces a mi amiga Julia? Es muy</p><p>buena gente.</p><p>Places</p><p>Mi familia conoce la costa de Oregón bien</p><p>porque siempre pasamos las vacaciones de</p><p>verano en Cannon Beach.</p><p>Things</p><p>Mi amiga Kendra conoce todas las obras</p><p>de Shakespeare porque ella es profesora de</p><p>literatura británica.</p><p>Saber: to know Conocer: to know, to be familiar</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>242</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1</p><p>Rellenar el espacio. First, decide if the sentence requires Saber or Conocer and circle your</p><p>choice. Then, conjugate the appropriate verb based on the subject to complete the sentence.</p><p>1. Saber…. Conocer: Yo _____________________ cocinar bien.</p><p>2. Saber…. Conocer: ¿____________________ tú el número de teléfono de Elena?</p><p>3. Saber…. Conocer: Yo no ____________________ a tu amiga Carmen.</p><p>4. Saber…. Conocer: ¿Tu familia _______________________ París? ¡Qué maravilla!</p><p>5. Saber…. Conocer: La profesora _______________________ las obras de Miguel de Cervantes.</p><p>6. Saber…. Conocer: Mi amiga María Fernanda no _____________________ manejar porque vive</p><p>en Madrid donde se puede tomar el autobús, el tren, o un vuelo a cualquier</p><p>destino.</p><p>Lectura. Read the paragraph below, focusing on reading for fluency. Then, read out loud</p><p>with a partner, alternating sentences and focusing on instances of Saber and Conocer. Finally,</p><p>discuss what you understand and go back to decipher parts that are unclear to you both. Answer</p><p>the reflection questions and be prepared to discuss as a class.</p><p>¿Sabías que la estación de Atocha es la estación de trenes más grande de Madrid? Sirve a noventa</p><p>millones de pasajeros cada año. La estación es un lugar maravilloso, lleno de vida con arquitectura</p><p>impresionante y un invernadero tropical. Cada año, miles de turistas pasan por sus puertas para</p><p>verla cuando llegan a Madrid por tren o cuando visitan el Museo del Prado que está al otro lado de</p><p>la calle. La pintura famosa de Picasso, Guernica, está en el Museo del Prado.</p><p>1. ¿Conoces Madrid?</p><p>2. ¿Conoces la Guernica u otras obras de Picasso?</p><p>3. ¿Qué sabes de Picasso?</p><p>4. ¿Qué sabes de Madrid?</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/gaspars/2697186083/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>243</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 3</p><p>Preguntas personales. Answer the following questions in Spanish using Saber or Conocer,</p><p>then interview a classmate. Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿Sabes cocinar bien? ¿Tienes una especialidad?_____________________________________</p><p>____________________________________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Sabes tocar algún instrumento?__________________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿Sabes de memoria el número de teléfono de tu mejor amig@?__________________________</p><p>____________________________________________________________________________</p><p>4. ¿Conoces tu ciudad bien?________________________________________________________</p><p>5. ¿Conoces Nueva York?_________________________________________________________</p><p>6. ¿Conoces a tus profesores bien?__________________________________________________</p><p>7. ¿Conoces a alguna persona famosa?_______________________________________________</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 4</p><p>Los Datos Divertidos. Have you ever heard these “fun facts” and superstitions? Do you know if they</p><p>are true or not? Check cierto if you believe the statement is true. Check falso if you believe the</p><p>statement is false. Be prepared to discuss your answers.</p><p>Cierto Falso</p><p>1. ¿Sabías que pasarle la sal a alguien de mano a mano le trae mala suerte?</p><p>2. ¿Sabías que las vacas no pueden bajar las escaleras (stairs)?</p><p>3. ¿Sabías que el “cuac” de un pato (duck) no produce eco?</p><p>4. ¿Sabías que es más probable que te caiga un rayo a que te toque la lotería?</p><p>5. ¿Sabías que los diestros (righties) viven, en promedio, nueve años más que los</p><p>zurdos (lefties)?</p><p>6. ¿Sabías que los elefantes no pueden saltar (jump)?</p><p>1 1</p><p>2 2</p><p>3 3</p><p>4 4</p><p>5 5</p><p>6 6</p><p>https://youtu.be/ic1LwxAz5io</p><p>https://youtu.be/st941p5DOsA</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/lex-photographic/19832880835/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/johnwflickr/9533227578/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>244</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 5</p><p>Bingo Humano. Use Saber or Conocer to ask questions about what your classmates know.</p><p>When asked, answer using Saber or Conocer as well. If you get a negative answer from someone,</p><p>you may ask that person another question until you get an affirmative response. Then, write their</p><p>name in the blank. You may only use the name of each classmate once. Try to get as many</p><p>“BINGO’s” as you can in the time given.</p><p>____________</p><p>sabe nadar.</p><p>____________</p><p>conoce</p><p>Los Ángeles.</p><p>____________</p><p>sabe hablar otra</p><p>lengua, además del</p><p>español y el inglés.</p><p>____________</p><p>no sabe tocar el</p><p>piano.</p><p>____________</p><p>no sabe cocinar</p><p>muy bien.</p><p>____________</p><p>conoce todas las</p><p>películas de Pixar.</p><p>____________</p><p>conoce todas los</p><p>libros y las</p><p>películas de Harry</p><p>Potter.</p><p>____________</p><p>sabe álgebra bien.</p><p>____________</p><p>no sabe tocar la</p><p>guitarra.</p><p>____________</p><p>conoce a una</p><p>persona que habla</p><p>ruso.</p><p>____________</p><p>conoce África.</p><p>____________</p><p>conoce todas los</p><p>libros y las</p><p>películas de Los</p><p>juegos del hambre.</p><p>____________</p><p>conoce Seattle.</p><p>____________</p><p>conoce Europa.</p><p>____________</p><p>sabe tocar la</p><p>guitarra.</p><p>____________</p><p>quiere conocer un</p><p>país hispano.</p><p>____________</p><p>conoce las obras</p><p>de Shakespeare.</p><p>____________</p><p>conoce a una</p><p>chica que se llama</p><p>Brittany.</p><p>____________</p><p>sabe de memoria</p><p>el número de</p><p>teléfono de su</p><p>mejor amigo.</p><p>____________</p><p>conoce a una</p><p>persona famosa.</p><p>____________</p><p>conoce un buen</p><p>restaurante</p><p>mexicano.</p><p>____________</p><p>sabe contar a cien</p><p>en español.</p><p>____________</p><p>sabe la fecha de</p><p>nacimiento de su</p><p>mamá.</p><p>____________</p><p>sabe la fecha del</p><p>examen final.</p><p>____________</p><p>quiere conocer</p><p>Antártida.</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>245</p><p>Los complementos indirectos</p><p>Indirect Object Pronouns</p><p>Before we start with Indirect Object Pronouns, it is important to review a couple of terms first:</p><p>Subject: The do-er of the action</p><p>Verb: The action, conjugated based on the Subject/ Do-er of the action</p><p>The Direct Object receives the action.</p><p>To easily identify the direct object, ask yourself who or what is being “verbed.”</p><p>From there, the The Indirect Object receives the direct object OR can be identified by</p><p>determining to whom / for whom / from whom an action with a direct object is done.</p><p>For example:</p><p>I send my mom flowers./ Le mando flores (a mi mamá).</p><p>What’s being verbed? - - - The flowers/ flores</p><p>Who received the flowers? - - - My mom/ le...a mi mamá</p><p>I give my friends gifts./ Les doy regalos (a mis amigos).</p><p>What’s being verbed? - - - The gifts/ regalos</p><p>To whom was it given? - - - My friends/ les...a mis amigos</p><p>I make lunches for my kids./ Les preparo lonches (a mis hijos).</p><p>What’s being verbed? - - - The lunches/ lonches</p><p>For whom were they made? - - - My kids/ les…a mis hijos</p><p>The doctor is going to take a blood test (from me)/</p><p>El médico (a mí) me va a sacar una prueba de sange –o– “va a sacarme”</p><p>What’s being verbed? - - - The blood test/ la prueba de sangre</p><p>From whom was it taken? - - - Me/ (a mí)...me</p><p>When you have an indirect object in Spanish, you MUST use the indirect object pronoun,</p><p>which is out of the ordinary (since we normally use pronouns as replacements).</p><p>Native speakers often use BOTH the indirect object and the indirect object pronoun for added</p><p>clarification, emphasis, or just because they are in the habit of doing so. When using the actual</p><p>indirect object, be sure to put “a” in front of the person’s name, title, or pronoun. I like to call</p><p>it Additional or “A”ptional information.</p><p>Yes, it is strange that the indirect object pronoun is required and the indirect object itself is</p><p>optional. Yes, it is redundant to use both. However, it is consider correct grammar and native</p><p>speakers use both together all the time.</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>246</p><p>The indirect object</p><p>“A”ptional, Additional Information is</p><p>used to clarify, to add emphasis, or “just</p><p>because.”</p><p>Where the Additional information goes in</p><p>the sentence is quite flexible.</p><p>The indirect object</p><p>pronoun</p><p>When you have an indirect object in</p><p>your sentence, the pronoun is required.</p><p>Shows to whom/ for whom/ from whom</p><p>an action with a direct object is done.</p><p>The indirect Object Pronoun goes in front</p><p>of the conjugated verb.</p><p>It can also be attached to an infinitive or</p><p>an affirmative command:</p><p>Tienes que decirme la verdad.</p><p>¡Dime la verdad!</p><p>A</p><p>Nombre</p><p>A Emilia</p><p>A Antonio y a mí</p><p>A Guadalupe y a Jaime</p><p>Título</p><p>A mi padre</p><p>Pronombre preposicional</p><p>A mí A nosotr@s</p><p>A ti A vosotr@s</p><p>A usted/ él/ ella A ustedes/</p><p>Me Nos</p><p>Te Os</p><p>Le Les</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 6</p><p>Los complementos indirectos. Fill in the blank with the correct indirect object pronoun.</p><p>Use the Additional information provided in each sentence to help you.</p><p>1. Mis abuelos _____________ regalan calcetines para la Navidad a mi hermano y a mí.</p><p>2. Yo ______________ preparo la comida a mis hijos.</p><p>3. Yo _____________ doy de comer a mis perros dos veces al día.</p><p>4. Profesora, ¿usted _____________ va a dar una prueba a nosotros mañana?</p><p>5. Mi amor, a ti __________ doy mi corazón.</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>247</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 7</p><p>Los complementos indirectos, a continuación. Fill in the</p><p>blank with the correct indirect object pronoun, using the</p><p>Additional information to help you. Then, identify the</p><p>Subject and Verb of the sentence.</p><p>1.Mi novio nunca ________________ da flores a mí.</p><p>Subject:</p><p>Verb:</p><p>2. Mi familia y yo ____________ mandamos cartas a mi</p><p>abuela porque ella no tiene email.</p><p>Subject:</p><p>Verb:</p><p>3. Los profesores ________________ dan tarea a sus</p><p>estudiantes.</p><p>Subject:</p><p>Verb:</p><p>4. Mi hermana ________________ pide dinero a mi padre.</p><p>Subject:</p><p>Verb:</p><p>5. Marisol _______________ enseña trucos a su perro.</p><p>Subject:</p><p>Verb:</p><p>6. Mi abuela ____________ da besitos a mí.</p><p>Subject:</p><p>Verb:</p><p>7. Los técnicos de radiología ___________ sacan radiografías</p><p>a sus pacientes.</p><p>Subject:</p><p>Verb:</p><p>8. Yo __________ pido direcciones a Siri.</p><p>Subject:</p><p>Verb:</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/ankakay/5446059891/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/25140607@N03/6832748037/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/markdoliner/5953181892/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>248</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 8</p><p>Las traducciones. Fill in the blanks to complete the translations below. Use the word bank</p><p>of verbs to assist you.</p><p>Dar – to give Prestar – to loan Pedir (e:i) – to order Mandar – to send</p><p>Leer – to read Servir (e:i) – to serve Decir (e:i) – to say/to tell (yo form digo)</p><p>Alquilar – to rent Traer – to bring (yo form traigo) Enseñar – to teach</p><p>Hacer – to make/ to do (yo form hago) Repetir (e:i) – to repeat</p><p>I read a book to my daughters. Yo _______ ____________ un libro a</p><p>_________________.</p><p>The professor teaches us a lot of vocabulary. La profesora _______ ______________</p><p>mucho vocabulario.</p><p>My girlfriend brings me coffee. Mi novia _______ ______________ café.</p><p>I don’t loan my sister clothing. Yo no _______ ___________ ropa a</p><p>___________________.</p><p>My sister repeats the gossip to my mom. Mi hermana _____ __________ los chismes</p><p>a ___________.</p><p>My boyfriend gives me a kiss. Mi novio _______ _____________ un beso.</p><p>My dad orders calamari for the group. Mi papá _______ _____________ calamares</p><p>al grupo.</p><p>We tell you guys the good news. Nosotros _____ ________ las buenas</p><p>noticias a __________.</p><p>Who makes cookies for you</p><p>(informal)? ¿Quién _______ _____________ galletas?</p><p>I rent my house to my friends. Yo _______ ____________ mi casa a</p><p>__________________.</p><p>Nobody tells me anything. Nadie _______ _____________ nada.</p><p>They don’t serve my husband lobster. Ellos no _____ _________ langosta a</p><p>__________________.</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>249</p><p>Los verbos como “Gustar”</p><p>Verbs like Gustar follow the same unique sentence structure that we saw with “Gustar” and utilize</p><p>indirect object pronouns.</p><p>You may use “A”dditional information for clarification or emphasis. It is “A”ptional.</p><p>You have to use the Indirect Object Pronoun.</p><p>The verb conjugates based on the word that follows it—it will be either third person singular or plural.</p><p>You can make any of these negative by putting “no” before the Indirect Object Pronoun.</p><p>Encantar __________________________________________________</p><p>Fascinar__________________________________________________</p><p>Importar__________________________________________________</p><p>Faltar___________________________________________________</p><p>Quedar__________________________________________________</p><p>Interesar__________________________________________________</p><p>Molestar__________________________________________________</p><p>Aburrir___________________________________________________</p><p>Parecer ___________________________________________________</p><p>https://youtu.be/tLV6tzPRRK0</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>250</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 9</p><p>Mi restaurante favorito. Fill in the blanks using verbs like gustar to complete the paragraph</p><p>and learn out the narrator’s favorite restaurant.</p><p>Aburrir Encantar Faltar Fascinar Importar Interesar Molestar Quedar</p><p>to bore to love (things) o lack to fascinate to matter to interest to bother to remain</p><p>to really like to really like to annoy to have left</p><p>Mi restaurante favorito: El Dragón Rojo</p><p>A mi esposa y a mí _________________ _____________________________ (encantar) el</p><p>restaurante chino de nuestro barrio.</p><p>A mí ______________ _______________________ (fascinar) el arroz frito y la sopa agridulce.</p><p>A mi esposa ____________ _____________________ (aburrir) los platos sin mucho sabor</p><p>(flavor), y todo lo que sirven en El Dragón Rojo es muy sabroso.</p><p>Una vez, cuando salió la comida, yo le dije al mesero, “Señor, a nosotros __________</p><p>_____________ (faltar) los rollitos primavera,” y él nos trajo cuatro rollitos en vez de dos. ¡Qué</p><p>buen servicio!</p><p>Al chef _______________ _______________________ (importar) usar ingredientes frescos.</p><p>A nosotros __________________ ________________________ (interesar) saber cuáles son los</p><p>ingredientes de cada plato, y el chef comparte (shares) sus secretos con nosotros.</p><p>A mi esposa _______________ _______________________ (molestar) los precios altos en</p><p>otros restaurantes. El Dragón Rojo es muy económico.</p><p>¡Y hay tanta comida que a nosotros siempre ______________ _____________________</p><p>(quedar) muchas sobras!</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/l2f1/5446338442/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>251</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 0</p><p>Problemas de razonamiento. Word problems— Use “Me queda” or “Me quedan” to say how</p><p>much/ how many items you have left.</p><p>1.Si tienes nueve manzanas y comes tres, ¿cuántas manzanas</p><p>te quedan?</p><p>2.Si tienes dos zapatos y arruinas uno, ¿cuántos zapatos te</p><p>quedan?</p><p>3.Si tienes veinticuatro peces y mueren once, ¿cuántos peces</p><p>te quedan?</p><p>4.Si tienes dos zanahorias y le das una a tu conejito, ¿cuántas</p><p>zanahorias te quedan?</p><p>5. Si tienes tres novios y rompes con uno, ¿cuántos novios te</p><p>quedan?</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/santea/16366774119/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/moorthygounder/2228827558/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/milkyfactory/4996218713/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/dskley/8105550657/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/herrolsen/5418633828/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>252</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 1</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 2</p><p>Preguntas personales. Respond to these questions using verbs like gustar. Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿Qué te encanta hacer en tu tiempo libre?</p><p>2. ¿Te fascinan las películas de horror?</p><p>3. ¿Qué te interesa más: la historia o la literatura?</p><p>4. ¿Qué clase te aburre más?</p><p>5. ¿Te molestan las personas que manejan demasiado lento? ¿O te molestan más las personas que</p><p>manejan demasiado rápido?</p><p>6. ¿Qué te parece el clima de tu ciudad?</p><p>¿Cuánto te gusta? For each of the activities below, say how much you like it using the</p><p>following expressions:</p><p> No me interesa nada.</p><p> Me gusta.</p><p> ¡Me encanta!</p><p>1. Leer novelas gráficas: __________________________________________________________</p><p>2. Jugar videojuegos: _____________________________________________________________</p><p>3. Limpiar la casa: _______________________________________________________________</p><p>4. Viajar: ______________________________________________________________________</p><p>5. Ir al cine: ____________________________________________________________________</p><p>6. Salir con mis amigos: ___________________________________________________________</p><p>7. Cocinar: _____________________________________________________________________</p><p>8. Trabajar como voluntario/a: ______________________________________________________</p><p>https://youtu.be/RGlrAwzgaGo</p><p>https://youtu.be/jJ6rBUuliw0</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>253</p><p>Los adjetivos y los pronombres demostrativos</p><p>Demonstratives are used to demonstrate how close something is to the speaker.</p><p>They are adjectives when they directly accompany a noun.</p><p>Me gusta esta blusa. (This blouse)</p><p>They are pronouns when they stand alone (even when they stand alone, they still refer to</p><p>the noun and must match its gender/number).</p><p>¿Qué blusa te gusta más? - - - Esta. (This one)</p><p>The English equivalents are:</p><p>This and These (for things within the speaker’s reach)</p><p>-and-</p><p>That and Those (for things outside of the speaker’s reach)</p><p>In Spanish, we have a third group for things that are quite far away. We’ll call them:</p><p>That and Those way over there</p><p>In English, you see that we have a singular and a plural version of each, which is true for Spanish</p><p>as well. However, we also have to account for gender.</p><p>Esa curva es muy peligrosa. Hay que tener cuidado. Esta piedra de playa tiene</p><p>forma de corazón.</p><p>https://youtu.be/LTALU7y6D_8</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/bartmaguire/35169578/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/bartmaguire/35169578/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/emdot/451329162/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/goincase/4633459727/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>254</p><p>Este Esta</p><p>Estos Estas</p><p>Esto (neutro)</p><p>Ese Esa Esos Esas</p><p>Eso (neutro)</p><p>Aquello (neutro)</p><p>Aquel Aquella Aquellos Aquellas</p><p>Other notes:</p><p>When used as pronouns, some people will put an accent over the first “e.” However, it is no</p><p>longer required.</p><p>We have a neutral “this” and a neutral “that” when we are referring to something abstract</p><p>(meaning, we are not referring to any specific noun in particular).</p><p>Esto:</p><p>¿Qué es esto? ___________________________________________________________</p><p>Esto es increíble. _________________________________________________________</p><p>Eso:</p><p>¡Eso es ridículo! _________________________________________________________</p><p>¿Qué es eso? ___________________________________________________________</p><p>Aquello: This is the neutral “that way over there.” It is much less commonly used than the others.</p><p>Aquello es mío. __________________________________________________________</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/80497449@N04/8674937308/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/80497449@N04/8674937308/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/80497449@N04/8674937308/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/renjitsu/2896588016/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>255</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 3</p><p>Los adjetivos demostrativos. Fill in the blanks and answer the questions to build your</p><p>foundation with the demonstrative adjectives.</p><p>¿Cómo se dice this? Masculino ___________________ Femenino _______________________</p><p>_____________ casa _____________ chico _____________ marcador _____________ clase</p><p>¿Cómo se dice these? Masculino ___________________ Femenino _______________________</p><p>____________ perros ____________ plumas _____________ niñas ____________ estudiantes</p><p>What is the proximity to the speaker for this and these?___________________________________</p><p>¿Cómo se dice that? Masculino __________________ Femenino _________________________</p><p>______________ carro ______________ reloj ______________ mujer _____________ farmacia</p><p>¿Cómo se dice those? Masculino _____________________ Femenino ______________________</p><p>_____________ niños _____________ manzanas ______________ clases ______________ gatos</p><p>What is the proximity to the speaker for that and those_______________________________</p><p>¿Cómo se dice that way over there? Masculino ______________ Femenino ________________</p><p>____________ hombre _____________ casa _______________ árbol ________________ mujer</p><p>¿Cómo se dice those way over there? Masculino ______________ Femenino _______________</p><p>_____________ árboles _____________ casas _____________ montañas ______________ carros</p><p>What is the proximity to the speaker for that and those way over there?</p><p>________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>Aquella estatua es la Estatua de la Libertad.</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/grufnik/272822610/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>256</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 4</p><p>Los pronombres demostrativos. Fill in the blanks and answer the questions to build your</p><p>foundation with the demonstrative adjectives.</p><p>1. ¿Qué libro lees? ---- _____________________. Se llama La casa de los espíritus. (this one)</p><p>2. ¿Cuál es tu gorra favorita? --- _______________________. La llevo todos los días. (this one)</p><p>3. ¿Qué zapatos te gustan más? --- _______________________. Voy a comprarlos. (these ones)</p><p>4. ¿Cuáles son las galletas que te gustan más? ---_________________. Son Marías. (these ones)</p><p>5. ¿Cuál es tu carro? ---- _____________________; el rojo. (that one)</p><p>6. ¿Qué blusa te gusta más? ----_____________________. Me gusta el color. (that one)</p><p>7. ¿Qué caramelos buscas? --- _________________. Son mis favoritos. (those ones)</p><p>8. ¿Cuáles son tus pinturas favoritas? --- _________________. Me encantan las pinturas modernas</p><p>(those ones way over there)</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 5</p><p>Tus preferencias. First, fill in the blanks using the demonstrative adjectives for “this/these”</p><p>“that/those” and “that/those way over there.” To give perspective, the items that are farthest away</p><p>are the smallest photos. Then, write a sentence to say which one you like using a demonstrative</p><p>pronoun. Modelo: “Me gusta ése,” (I like that one) or, “Me gusta éste,” (I like this one).</p><p>1.______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>2.______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>______________ zapatos casuales ____________ zapatos de tacón</p><p>______________ zapatos de vestir</p><p>______________ perro</p><p>____________ perro</p><p>_______________ perro</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/sallypayne/4382801135/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/rosipaw/9570374686/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/85546319@N04/9564776965/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/51241294@N00/8045732944/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/eltpics/9519080708/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/plasticwool/4632232938/sizes/o/</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>257</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 6</p><p>Las fotografías. Fill in the blanks using demonstrative adjectives to complete the descriptions</p><p>of the photos below. Pay attention to foreground, middle ground, and background. Then translate</p><p>the sentences.</p><p>1. ______________ hombre se llama</p><p>Esteban.</p><p>2. ______________ hombre se llama</p><p>Ramón. Es el vecino de Esteban.</p><p>3. ________________ es el edificio donde</p><p>viven ellos.</p><p>4. ________________ iglesia se llama</p><p>Nuesta Señora de la Concepción</p><p>Inmaculada.</p><p>5. ______________ carro está estacionado</p><p>ilegalmente.</p><p>6. ______________ mujer busca un taxi.</p><p>7. ________________ montaña se llama</p><p>Montaña de Oro.</p><p>8. ______________ muchachas están</p><p>paseando y hablando juntas.</p><p>9. ______________ hombres están leyendo</p><p>algo importante.</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/93482748@N02/22303371913/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/93482748@N02/23804654926/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/93482748@N02/30378326514/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>258</p><p>Las comparaciones de desigualdad</p><p>Comparisons of inequality</p><p>Más</p><p>Adjetivos:</p><p>Sustantivos:</p><p>Adverbios:</p><p>Más __________ que…</p><p>Yo soy más alta que mi hermana.</p><p>Mi hermana tiene más amigos que yo.</p><p>Mi papá habla más lento que mi mamá.</p><p>Verbos:</p><p>____________ más que…</p><p>María Antiona lee más que su novio.</p><p>Yo cocino más que mi esposo.</p><p>Tomás corre más que su mejor amigo.</p><p>Menos</p><p>Adjetivos:</p><p>Sustantivos:</p><p>Adverbios:</p><p>Menos __________ que…</p><p>Danny DeVito es menos alto que Shaq.</p><p>La profesora tiene menos gatos que su mamá.</p><p>Todo el mundo corre menos rápido que Usain Bolt.</p><p>Verbos:</p><p>____________ menos que…</p><p>Yo limpio menos que mis compañeros de casa.</p><p>Mi mamá viaja menos que mi papá.</p><p>Alejandro trabaja menos que tú.</p><p>Los irregulares</p><p>Más bueno Mejor(es)</p><p>Más malo Peor(es)</p><p>Más viejo Mayor(es)</p><p>Más joven Menor(es)</p><p>When</p><p>speaking</p><p>about age of</p><p>a person</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>259</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 7</p><p>El reino animal. Write a sentence using “más” and a sentence using “menos” to compare these</p><p>members of the animal kingdom. Use the word bank to assist you.</p><p>Banco de palabras</p><p>Rápid@s</p><p>Lent@s</p><p>Slow</p><p>Feroces</p><p>Ferocious</p><p>Mimad@s</p><p>Spoiled/ pampered</p><p>Tont@s</p><p>Stupid/ silly</p><p>Inteligentes</p><p>Peligros@s</p><p>Dangerous</p><p>Perezos@s</p><p>Divertid@s</p><p>Curios@s</p><p>Grandes</p><p>Pequeñ@s</p><p>Agresiv@s</p><p>Sociables</p><p>Cabezones</p><p>Stubborn</p><p>1.</p><p>___________________________________________________________</p><p>___________________________________________________________</p><p>2.</p><p>___________________________________________________________</p><p>___________________________________________________________</p><p>3.</p><p>___________________________________________________________</p><p>___________________________________________________________</p><p>4.</p><p>___________________________________________________________</p><p>___________________________________________________________</p><p>Los</p><p>caballos</p><p>versus</p><p>los burros</p><p>Los perros</p><p>versus</p><p>los gatos</p><p>Los gorilas</p><p>versus</p><p>los</p><p>chimpancés</p><p>Los delfines</p><p>versus</p><p>los tiburones</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/megabash/12904427/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/eltpics/10350117366/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/sjdunphy/8117203851/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/slightlyblurred/32147260103/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/94243611@N02/13699978535/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/mattbaya/5485640767/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/elevy/14730723649/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/glassholic/5967245261/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning</p><p>Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>260</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 8</p><p>¿Qué opinas? Make comparisons to give your opinion about the following match -ups.</p><p>Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿Es el otoño mejor que la primavera?</p><p>2. ¿Es el invierno peor que el verano?</p><p>3. ¿Es Bill Gates más inteligente que Steve Jobs?</p><p>4. ¿Es Superman menos fuerte que Hulk?</p><p>5. ¿Es Nueva York menos grande que Los Ángeles?</p><p>6. ¿Es Russel Wilson más talentoso que Tom Brady?</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 9</p><p>Tú versus tu mejor amig@. Answer the following questions using complete sentences and</p><p>comparisons of inequality. Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿Eres más alt@ que tu mejor amig@?</p><p>2. ¿Eres más sociable o más reservad@ que tu mejor amig@?</p><p>3. ¿Eres mayor o menor que tu mejor amig@?</p><p>4. ¿Tienes más zapatos que tu mejor amig@?</p><p>5. ¿Estudias más que o menos que tu mejor amig@?</p><p>https://youtu.be/msNrL5dUzl4</p><p>https://youtu.be/t7PqOv4cQQI</p><p>https://youtu.be/ROLOJytpKPE</p><p>https://youtu.be/XtAO6DzMHKo</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/wtfitshanna/5407647151/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/practicalowl/6667485609/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/ubclibrary/2702161578/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>261</p><p>Las comparaciones de igualdad</p><p>Comparisons of equality</p><p>Tan ________ como</p><p>As ___________ as</p><p>Adjetivos:</p><p>Adverbios:</p><p>Yo soy tan torpe como un burro.</p><p>Mi hermana es tan alta como mi madre.</p><p>Mi abuela camina tan lento como una tortuga.</p><p>________ tanto como</p><p>To ___________ as much as</p><p>Verbos:</p><p>Yo estudio tanto como mis compañeros de clase.</p><p>Andrés cocina tanto como yo.</p><p>Mi amiga, Raquél, lee tanto como mi hermano.</p><p>Tanto/a/os/as ________ como</p><p>As much/ as many ___________ as</p><p>Sustantivos:</p><p>¿Tiene Mark Zuckerberg tanto dinero como Bill Gates?</p><p>Yo tengo tanta tarea como mis compañeros de clase.</p><p>Mi hermano lee tantos libros como tú.</p><p>Kim Kardashian va a tantas fiestas como Paris Hilton.</p><p>Tanto/a/os/as</p><p>must match the noun</p><p>in Gender & Number</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1</p><p>Los cumplidos. Come up with a nice compliment for someone you know using comparisons of</p><p>equality. Be prepared to share with the class. If you have extra time, write a compliment using más</p><p>or menos. Video</p><p>Por ejemplo: ¡Eres tan fuerte como un buey*!</p><p>1.</p><p>2.</p><p>https://youtu.be/pKmY6rYWbpc</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>262</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 0</p><p>¡A comparar!</p><p>Paso 1. You will be given two sentences for each activity that describe people and pets in the</p><p>narrator’s life. Use that information to complete a sentence that compares the key players using</p><p>comparisons of equality.</p><p>1. Mi perro, Kermit, es juguetón*. Mi perra, Harriet, también es juguetona. *playful</p><p>Harriet es _________________ ___________________ _____________________ Kermit.</p><p>2. Mi gato, Nero, es mimado*. Mi gata, Miel, también es mimada.</p><p>*spoiled</p><p>Nero es _________________ ___________________ _____________________ Miel.</p><p>3. Mi mamá, Celia, es bastante extrovertida. Mi hermana, Jessica, también es bastante</p><p>extrovertida.</p><p>Jessica es _________________ ___________________ _____________________ Celia.</p><p>4. Mi esposo, Leo, es muy activo. Mi cuñada, María, también es activa.</p><p>Leo es _________________ ___________________ _____________________ María.</p><p>Paso 2</p><p>Using the models above, make two comparisons of equality based on your own life. Be prepared</p><p>to share your answer with a partner and/or the class.</p><p>1.</p><p>2.</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 1</p><p>Tanto como. Using conjugated verbs followed by “tanto como,” to write sentences saying what</p><p>you do as much as your classmates, and what your classmates do as much as you.</p><p>1. Yo _________________________________________________________________________</p><p>2. Mis compañeros de clase _______________________________________________________</p><p>3. Yo _________________________________________________________________________</p><p>4. Mis compañeros de clase _______________________________________________________</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/ellebeere/4605043024/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/acoustic_punk_sound/5067532401/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/rvoegtli/9321694230/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>263</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 2</p><p>Tanto/a/os/as. Fill in the blanks with the tanto form that matches the noun in gender and</p><p>number.</p><p>1. Leticia tiene _________________ amigos</p><p>en Facebook como su novio.</p><p>2. Yo tengo __________________ tarea como</p><p>cualquier otro estudiante.</p><p>3. Mi amigo, Raúl, tiene ________________</p><p>clases como yo.</p><p>4. Ana no tiene ______________ interés en el</p><p>golf como su hermana.</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/guspim/8458250684/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/hades2k/9069174814/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/minafresh-amanda/18025437/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/northcentralcollege/5730413098/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>264</p><p>Los superlativos</p><p>Superlatives</p><p>Superlatives communicate that someone or something is an extreme within a group, meaning</p><p>the most __________ or the least _______________, or the __________est.</p><p>Examples in English include:</p><p>Johnny is the fastest runner in his grade.</p><p>Laura is the smartest person I know.</p><p>Washington is the most beautiful state in the union.</p><p>Adele is the best singer in the world.</p><p>This soup is the worst.</p><p>“Research Methods” is my least interesting class.</p><p>To create a superlative in Spanish, follow this formula:</p><p>As an example, we will say that Marta is the smartest (student) (in the class).</p><p>If the details are already clear by context, I can just say:</p><p>“Marta es la más inteligente.” (Marta is the smartest.)</p><p>If I want to be more clear, I can include the optional details:</p><p>“Marta es la estudiante más inteligente de la clase.” (Marta is the smartest student in the class.)</p><p>The irregulars are the same as we saw with the comparisons of inequality:</p><p>El/la/los/las mayor(es) = the oldest</p><p>El/la/los/las menor(es) = the youngest</p><p>El/la/los/las mejor(es) = the best</p><p>El/la/los/las peor(es) = the worst</p><p>Paso 1 Subject and Verb Marta es</p><p>Paso 2 Definite article: el la/ los/ las la</p><p>Paso 3 The noun (optional) (estudiante)</p><p>Paso 4 más – o – menos más</p><p>Paso 5 Adjective inteligente</p><p>Paso 6 de grupo (optional) (de la clase)</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>265</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 3</p><p>¿Qué significa? Give the English equivalents of these sentences that use superlatives.</p><p>1. Julieta es la persona más trabajadora del equipo de</p><p>marketing.</p><p>_____________________________________________</p><p>2. Mi tío es la persona más sincera de nuestra familia.</p><p>_____________________________________________</p><p>3. Las pizzas de Pizza Rita son las mejores de mi ciudad.</p><p>_____________________________________________</p><p>4. Los libros de texto para las clases de ciencias son los</p><p>más caros de todos mis libros para mis clases.</p><p>_____________________________________________</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/85934826@N00/7305917994/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/stairhopper/11115510835/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/59247791@N08/5505415842/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/wenday/2364373936/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>266</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 4</p><p>¿Qué opinas de Hollywood? Use superlatives to answer the following questions about Hollywood.</p><p>Video</p><p>1. ¿Quién es el actor/la actriz más atractiv@?</p><p>2. ¿Quién es el actor más talentoso?</p><p>3. ¿Quién es la actriz más talentosa?</p><p>4. ¿Cuál es la mejor película del año?</p><p>5. ¿Cuál es la peor película que has visto (you’ve seen) en tu vida?</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 5</p><p>Preguntas personales. Answer the</p><p>following personal questions using super latives.</p><p>1. ¿Quién es la persona más trabajadora de tu familia?</p><p>2. ¿Quién es tu amigo más sociable?</p><p>3. ¿Quién es tu amigo menos sociable?</p><p>4. ¿Quién es tu amigo más estudioso?</p><p>5. ¿Cuál es tu clase más difícil? ¿Y la más fácil?</p><p>6. ¿Cuál es el mejor equipo de beisbol de toda la historia?</p><p>https://youtu.be/pXGzSu65j_E</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/dougtone/11395087643/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/27398485@N08/3085678709/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/27398485@N08/3085675617/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/frank_am_main/5764789118/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>267</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 6</p><p>Una síntesis. You will be provided with a noun, an adjective and several photos. You will then use</p><p>two superlatives to designate one photo as the least ____ and another photo as the most ______. If time</p><p>allows, use other descriptive words to make additional comparisons.</p><p>Modelo: La pintura / creativa</p><p>Esta pintura es la menos creativa. Esta pintura es la más interesante. Esta pintura es la más creativa.</p><p>1. La flor / bonita</p><p>2. El animal / feroz</p><p>3. La actividad / divertida</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/24931020@N02/8181960460/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/ikhlasulamal/5405232797/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/gwennseemel/16181370627/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/eknif/14493249915/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/paparutzi/2739534215/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/sunpreet28/7166996043/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/tevescosta/14213723434/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/paulineguilmot/14436839652/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/40515084@N08/6591105419/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/istorija/4903256775/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/lumiereimages/11213614343/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/34536315@N04/3365337619/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/tedgresham/14435096036/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/kyaabo/1114968079/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/benoit_d/4135966041/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>268</p><p>Another kind of superlative is to say that something is extremely __________, which we</p><p>accomplish by using the “ísimo/a/os/as” suffix with an adjective in Spanish.</p><p>Vowels:</p><p>For an adjective that ends in a vowel, remove the vowel and add ísimo/a/os/as (the ending must</p><p>agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies).</p><p>Alto….….….altísimo/a/os/as</p><p>Inteligente….inteligentísimo/a/os/as</p><p>Consonants:</p><p>For an adjective that ends in a consonant, add ísimo/a/os/as (the ending must agree in gender and</p><p>number with the noun it modifies).</p><p>Popular…...Popularísimo/a/os/as</p><p>The letter C:</p><p>If you remove the last vowel and the last letter is c, change it to qu to preserve the “kuh” sound.</p><p>Flaco….…..Flaquísimo/a/os/as</p><p>Blanco.…...Blanquísimo/a/os/as</p><p>Rico….…...Riquísimo/a/os/as</p><p>The letter G:</p><p>If you remove the last vowel and the last letter is g, change it to gu to preserve the “guh” sound.</p><p>Largo….….Larguísimo/a/os/as</p><p>The letter Z:</p><p>For an adjective that ends in the letter Z, change the z to a c and add ísimo/a/os/as (the ending must</p><p>agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies).</p><p>Feliz…..…. Felicísimo/a/os/as</p><p>Feroz….…..Ferocísimo/a/os/as</p><p>The letter N:</p><p>For an adjective that ends in the letter N, add the letter c and add ísimo/a/os/as (the ending must</p><p>agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies).</p><p>Joven….…..Jovencísimo/a/os/as</p><p>Words with accents:</p><p>The accent is on the í in ísimo now. Words never have more than one accent.</p><p>Fácil….…..Facilísimo/a/os/as</p><p>Hábil……...Habilísimo/a/os/as</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>269</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 7</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 8</p><p>La concordancia. Fill in the blanks using ísimo super latives to complete the sentences below,</p><p>making sure that they match the noun they modify in gender and number. The unmodified</p><p>adjectives are provided in the word bank below.</p><p>Banco de palabras: caro rico generoso cómico azul guapo caliente</p><p>1. Mi tío me ayuda con las cuentas (bills). Él no es rico, sino _________________________.</p><p>2. Alma es mi amiga. Siempre me hace reír (to laugh). Ella es ___________________________.</p><p>3. Este carro es un Porsche. Es _____________________________.</p><p>4. Tus ojos son como el mar. Son __________________________.</p><p>5. ¡Cuidado! El plato está _______________________________.</p><p>6. Gracias por invitarme a cenar. La comida está ______________________________.</p><p>7. Mi novio es muy atractivo. Es ________________________________.</p><p>¡Súper! In some communities, “súper” is often used in front of an adjective to serve the same</p><p>purpose of adding emphasis. Convert the adjectives that are paired with “súper” into superlatives</p><p>using the ísimo suffix. Then give the English equivalent.</p><p>1. Súper fácil = ___________________________ En inglés, significa: _______________________</p><p>2. Súper interesante = ______________________ En inglés, significa: _______________________</p><p>3. Súper aburrido = ________________________ En inglés, significa: _______________________</p><p>4. Súper barato = __________________________ En inglés, significa: _______________________</p><p>5. Súper bajo = ___________________________ En inglés, significa: _______________________</p><p>6. Súper pesado = _________________________ En inglés, significa: _______________________</p><p>7. Súper delicioso = _______________________ En inglés, significa: _______________________</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/gymnasticks/3548943589/sizes/o/</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/pricey/7720825530/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>270</p><p>Before moving on to Chapter 8, reflect upon what you can do with the language.</p><p>Check off all of the things on the list below that you can do.</p><p>For any actions you cannot yet do, review the topic and seek out additional</p><p>resources such as tutoring, extra help from your instructor, online materials, etc.</p><p>After completing this chapter, I can:</p><p> Differentiate between the verbs saber and conocer to discuss</p><p>things that are known in different situations.</p><p> Manipulate sentences to incorporate indirect object pronouns.</p><p> Express my preferences and other interests using verbs like</p><p>gustar.</p><p> Assemble sentences using demonstrative adjectives and pro-</p><p>nouns to describe the world around me.</p><p> Make comparisons of equality and inequality.</p><p> Analyze a group of people or items and describe the extremes</p><p>(ie. Tallest, shortest) using superlatives.</p><p> Use the superlative suffix ísmo/a/os/as to add emphasis to</p><p>characteristics.</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>271</p><p>¡A reflexionar sobre los objectivos!</p><p>Goal setting, Paso 1. As we are working to be our best language learners, we need to regular ly</p><p>check in on our progress toward our goals. Use the questions below to reflect upon the goals you set</p><p>for yourself at the beginning of the chapter.</p><p>My two short term goals were:</p><p>1. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p> Did you follow your action plan? In what way(s)? What worked? What didn’t work?</p><p> _______ I have achieved this goal/ ________ I made progress toward this goal/</p><p>_______ I have not made progress toward this goal and should make a revision to my goal</p><p>or my action plan.</p><p>2. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p> Did you follow your action plan? In what way(s)? What worked? What didn’t work?</p><p> _______ I have achieved this goal/ ________ I made progress toward this goal/</p><p>_______ I have not made progress toward this goal and should make a revision to my</p><p>goal</p><p>or my action plan.</p><p>My one long-term goal was:</p><p>3. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p> Did you follow your action plan? In what way(s)? What worked? What didn’t work?</p><p> _______ I have achieved this goal/ ________ I made progress toward this goal/</p><p>_______ I have not made progress toward this goal and should make a revision to my goal</p><p>or my action plan.</p><p>What do you currently feel is your greatest strength with Spanish? What do you attribute this success</p><p>to? Is there something you are doing in this area that you could apply to weaker areas?</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>272</p><p>¡A revisar los objectivos!</p><p>Goal setting, Paso 2. Before moving on to the next chapter, take a moment to update your goals</p><p>and/or action plans. It is okay to keep goals that you set for yourself previously if you are still</p><p>working toward them.</p><p>My two short term goals with action plans:</p><p>1. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p></p><p>2. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p></p><p>My one long-term goal with an action plan:</p><p>3. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p></p><p>Study strategies I find useful:</p><p>New study strategies I could try:</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>273</p><p>V o c a b u l a r i o d e l C a p í t u l o 7</p><p>Español Inglés</p><p>Aburrir To bore</p><p>Agresivo/a/os/as Aggressive</p><p>Algo Something</p><p>Aquel/ aquella That (one) way over there</p><p>Aquellas/ aquellos Those (ones) way over there</p><p>Bastante Pretty (as in “pretty” cool)</p><p>La bruja Witch</p><p>El burro Donkey</p><p>El caballo Horse</p><p>Caro/a/os/as Expensive</p><p>El chimpancé Chimpanzee</p><p>Cabezón/ cabezona</p><p>Cabezones/ cabezonas</p><p>Hard-headed / stubborn</p><p>Los caramelos Candies</p><p>Conocer To know (lived it)</p><p>Creativo/a/os/as Creative</p><p>Cualquier Any (paired with a noun)</p><p>Curioso/a/os/as Curious</p><p>El delfín / los delfines Dolphin(s)</p><p>Divertido/a/os/as Fun</p><p>El edificio Building</p><p>Encantar To love (literally: to enchant)</p><p>El equipo Team</p><p>Esa/ ese That (one)</p><p>Eso That—neutral</p><p>Esas/ Esos Those (ones)</p><p>Esta/ Este This (one)</p><p>Esto This—neutral</p><p>Estas/ Estos These (ones)</p><p>Faltar To be lacking/ missing</p><p>Fascinar To really like / to fascinate</p><p>Feroz/ Feroces Ferocious</p><p>Español Inglés</p><p>La flor Flower</p><p>La gorila Gorilla</p><p>La gorra Cap (with a bill/ baseball style)</p><p>Grande(s) Big / large</p><p>Interesar To interest</p><p>Importar To be important / to matter</p><p>Juguetón/ juguetona</p><p>Juguetones/ juguetonas</p><p>Playful</p><p>Junto/a/os/as Together</p><p>Lento/a/os/as Slow</p><p>Más que More than</p><p>(el/la/los/las) Mayor(es) Older (oldest)</p><p>(el/la/los/las) Mejor(es) Better (best)</p><p>(el/la/los/las) Menor(es) Younger (youngest)</p><p>Menos que Less than</p><p>Mimado/a/os/as Spoiled / pampered</p><p>Molestar To bug/ to bother / to annoy</p><p>Parecer To seem</p><p>Peligroso/a/os/as Dangerous</p><p>(el/la/los/las) Peor(es) Worse (worst)</p><p>Pequeño/a/os/as Small / little</p><p>Perezoso/a/os/as Lazy</p><p>La pintura Painting</p><p>Quedar To remain / to have left</p><p>Rápido/a/os/as Fast</p><p>Saber To know (learned it)</p><p>Sociable(s) Social</p><p>Tan...como As much as</p><p>Tanto/a/os/as As much/ as many</p><p>El tiburón/ Los tiburones Shark(s)</p><p>Tonto/a/os/as Silly / stupid / dumb</p><p>El/la vecin@ Neighbor</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>274</p><p>Vocabulario Personalizado</p><p>Words you looked up / Words that came up in class</p><p>Español Inglés</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>275</p><p>Capítulo Ocho</p><p>Hay más de quinientos grupos indígenas en América Latina, cada uno con su propia historia y</p><p>cultura, y muchos todavía hablan las lenguas de sus antepasados precolombinos. Un grupo</p><p>muy reconocido es el Aimara. Los aimaras habitan una gran parte de la región andina, que</p><p>incluye partes de Bolivia, Perú, y Chile. Su lengua es aimara, pero los aimaras que conviven</p><p>con poblaciones no muy indígenas también hablan español. Ellos se conocen por sus rituales</p><p>tradicionales, el uso de la medicina natural en que se emplea el uso de hierbas y chamanes, y</p><p>por su textilería. Su ropa suele ser de colores brillantes, de tejidos de las lanas de alpaca.</p><p>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aymara-language-domain-en-001.svg</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/healinglight/3165301132/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/rorraliz/2169398081/sizes/l</p><p>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aymara-language-domain-en-001.svg</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>276</p><p>Before beginning this chapter, it is important to recognize which skills and tasks you will</p><p>be expected to learn to perform. Do you already have some previous skills or knowledge</p><p>in these areas that you can use to your advantage? Are there any topics that you foresee</p><p>being difficult? If so, it is a good idea to pursue additional assistance to get ahead of any</p><p>potential issues. You are the master of your education—you have the power to take</p><p>ownership of your learning!</p><p>After completing this chapter, I will be able to:</p><p> Recall vocabulary related to childhood and adolescence.</p><p> Discuss things I used to do.</p><p> Describe myself when I was younger.</p><p> Make general impersonal and passive statements.</p><p> Discuss where different items are sold.</p><p> Distinguish between situations that require the use of por versus</p><p>those that require the use of para.</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>277</p><p>Pre-chapter activity</p><p>Pre-activity: An important part of this chapter involves descr ibing yourself when you were</p><p>younger. In this activity, you will interpret each of the paragraphs below that describe the past of</p><p>each author. Follow the steps outlined below to describe yourself when you were younger.</p><p>Sandra:</p><p>Cuando era niña, era introvertida. Jugaba al básquetbol y estudiaba mucho. Leía todos los días y</p><p>me gustaban mucho los libros de misterio. Yo siempre comía mis verduras pero nunca bebía</p><p>leche. Yo iba al parque mucho. Andaba en bicicleta casi todos los días. Casi nunca iba a la casa</p><p>de mis abuelos porque ellos vivían en Nevada y nosotros vivíamos en Alaska.</p><p>Luis:</p><p>Cuando era niño, era extrovertido. Jugaba al fútbol americano y al beisbol. Era muy estudioso</p><p>pero también me divertía mucho. Leía mucho. Me gustaban los libros sobre deportistas. Yo iba</p><p>al parque casi todos los días, pero iba para hacer deporte, no simplemente para jugar. Yo tenía la</p><p>buena fortuna de poder pasar mucho tiempo con la familia porque todos mis familiares vivían</p><p>muy cerca de nosotros en el sur de Texas.</p><p>During-activity:</p><p>Paso uno: Read the statements and check Cierto or Falso depending on whether or not the</p><p>statement accurately represents what each author told us about themselves.</p><p>1. Sandra era extrovertida.</p><p>2. Luis jugaba al báquetbol.</p><p>3. Luis no comía mucho.</p><p>4. Sandra andaba en bici con mucha frecuencia.</p><p>5. A Sandra le gustaba leer.</p><p>6. A Luis le gustaban los deportes.</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>278</p><p>Pre-chapter activity</p><p>Paso dos: Check Cierto or Falso for each of the descriptions below to say if it was true or false</p><p>for you as a child.</p><p>1. Yo era extrovertid@.</p><p>2. Yo jugaba al báquetbol.</p><p>3. Yo no comía mucho.</p><p>4. Yo andaba en bici con mucha frecuencia.</p><p>5. A mí me gustaba leer.</p><p>6. A mí me gustaban los deportes.</p><p>Paso tres: Interview a classmate about their childhood using the questions below. Note their</p><p>responses by filling in their name in the first blank and adding “no” in the second blank if their</p><p>response is negative.</p><p>1. ¿Eras extrovertid@?</p><p>______________ ____ era extrovertid@.</p><p>2. ¿Jugabas al báquetbol?</p><p>______________ ____ jugaba al báquetbol.</p><p>no me gusta la historia.</p><p>3. ¿Te gusta la psicología? Sí, me gusta la psicología….....No, no me gusta la psicología.</p><p>4. ¿Te gustan las ciencias? Sí, me gustan las ciencias….....No, no me gustan las ciencias.</p><p>5. ¿Te gustan las matemáticas? Sí, me gustan las matemáticas….No, no me gustan las matemáticas.</p><p>6. ¿Te gustan las lenguas extranjeras? Sí, me gustan las lenguas extranjeras….....No, no me</p><p>gustan las lenguas extranjeras.</p><p>7. Make up a rule to explain when to use “gusta” and when to use “gustan”:</p><p>Expresiones de estudiantes:</p><p>Más despacio, por favor _____________________</p><p>¿Cómo se dice? ___________________________</p><p>¿Cómo se escribe? _________________________</p><p>No entiendo_______________________________</p><p>Tengo una pregunta_________________________</p><p>¿Cómo?__________________________________</p><p>Profesor(a), ¿Podría repetirlo, por favor? _______</p><p>_________________________________________</p><p>Gracias __________________________________</p><p>Disculpe _________________________________</p><p>Expresiones de profesores:</p><p>Estamos en la página (#)_____________________</p><p>Dime ____________________________________</p><p>Entonces_________________________________</p><p>¿Entiendes/ entienden? ______________________</p><p>Pero_____________________________________</p><p>Porque___________________________________</p><p>Porque sí_____________________________</p><p>Levanta/Levanten la mano ___________________</p><p>_________________________________________</p><p>Su atención, por favor ______________________</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/8318671@N07/42303153782/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>25</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 5</p><p>Preguntas personales. Answer the following questions about your classes and interests. Then,</p><p>use these questions to guide a conversation with a partner.</p><p>Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿Qué estudias? Estudio…________________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Qué clases tienes este trimestre? Tengo...___________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿Cuáles son tus materias favoritas? Son...____________________________________________</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 6</p><p>El horario de Ana. You and a partner are doing an internship in the office of the registrar and</p><p>have been tasked with planning Ana’s class schedule for next term.</p><p>Paso 1:</p><p>Estudiante A has the school’s course schedule (Sheet B, page 425) and can see what classes are</p><p>being offered and when.</p><p>Estudiante B has Ana’s degree plan (Sheet A, page 424). You can see which classes she has</p><p>already taken and which classes she still needs.</p><p>Estudiante A will propose a class for Ana using “Hay.” Estudiante B will determine whether or not</p><p>she needs that class and respond using “Ana necesita…” or “Ana no necesita…”</p><p>Estudiante A will then propose another class, and the process will continue until Ana is scheduled</p><p>to take all of the classes she needs to complete her degree.</p><p>Ejemplo:</p><p>Estudiante A: Hay una clase de drama. Estudiante B: Ana no necesita una clase de drama.</p><p>Paso 2: After you and your partner determine which classes will work for Ana ’s schedule, fill</p><p>out Ana’s weekly schedule below using the days and times found on Sheet A.</p><p>lunes</p><p>martes miércoles jueves viernes sábado domingo</p><p>10 am</p><p>10 am 10 am 10 am 10 am</p><p>11 am</p><p>11 am</p><p>11 am</p><p>11 am</p><p>11 am</p><p>12 pm</p><p>12 pm</p><p>12 pm</p><p>12 pm</p><p>12 pm</p><p>https://youtu.be/y7lxjV-JPB8</p><p>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iQZ3RxZaIMA</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>26</p><p>Gender and Number</p><p>In Spanish, all nouns have grammatical “gender.” Nouns may be “masculine” or “feminine,”</p><p>but unless it is a living, breathing creature, grammatical gender is totally arbitrary.</p><p>When we refer to “number,” we are talking about whether the noun is singular or plural.</p><p>Los artículos definidos</p><p> Definite articles are used when you have a</p><p>specific item in mind.</p><p> The English equivalent is “The.”</p><p> In Spanish, there is a “the” for each Gender/</p><p>Number combination:</p><p>El - el profesor</p><p>(Masculine & Singular)</p><p>La - la profesora</p><p>(Feminine & Singular)</p><p>Los - los animales</p><p>(Masculine & Plural)</p><p>Las - las manzanas</p><p>(Feminine & Plural)</p><p>Los artículos indefinidos</p><p> Indefinite articles are used when you do not</p><p>have a specific item in mind.</p><p> The English equivalent is “a” for singular</p><p>nouns and “some” for plural nouns.</p><p> In Spanish, there is an indefinite article or</p><p>each Gender/Number combination.</p><p>Un - un libro</p><p>(Masculine & Singular)</p><p>Una - una chica</p><p>(Feminine & Singular)</p><p>Unos - unos amigos</p><p>(Masculine & Plural)</p><p>Unas - unas galletas</p><p>(Feminine & Plural)</p><p>Voy a la biblioteca porque quiero encontrar un buen libro.</p><p>I am going to the library because I want to find a good book.</p><p>Voy a la frutería porque necesito unas manzanas.</p><p>I am going to the fruit stand because I need some apples.</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/stewart/99129170/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/1sock/7910673688/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>27</p><p>Los patrones: patterns</p><p> A language is a system of patterns, and once we recognize a pattern, we can use it to our</p><p>advantage. Using patterns to help determine the gender of nouns is a good example of this.</p><p> Of course, there are always exceptions to the “rule,” so when you encounter a word that deviates</p><p>from the pattern, spend extra time studying it.</p><p> Since we do not have gendered nouns in English, it is easy to underestimate the importance of this</p><p>concept in Spanish. When learning new nouns, always practice them with their gender.</p><p>Masculine Nouns</p><p>Nouns that end in –o</p><p>El libro, el vestido, el escritorio, el plato</p><p>Nouns that end in a consonant</p><p>El ordenador, el lápiz, el reloj</p><p>Nouns that end in –e*</p><p>El estante, el ambiente, el timbre</p><p>Nouns that end in –ma and –pa AND are cognates**</p><p>El problema, el sistema, el programa, el fantasma, el mapa</p><p>*We see more exceptions than usual with this group, but odds are that it will be masculine.</p><p>Common feminine exceptions are: la clase, la noche, la tarde.</p><p>**Cognates are words that look alike, sound alike and mean alike in both languages.</p><p>Feminine Nouns</p><p>Nouns that end in –a</p><p>La computadora, la corbata, la cámara, la manzana, la mesa</p><p>Nouns that end in –ión (the English equivalent is “tion)</p><p>La solución, la situación, la comunicación, la complicación</p><p>Nouns that end in –ad (the English equivalent is “ty”)</p><p>La comunidad, la universidad, la libertad, la humanidad</p><p>El vestido</p><p>The dress</p><p>La corbata</p><p>The necktie</p><p>Reminder—unless you are talking about a living, breathing creature,</p><p>GENDER IS ARBITRARY.</p><p>Is a table inherently feminine? No. Are shoes inherently masculine? No.</p><p>Sometimes we even see two words for the same thing and one is masculine and the other is</p><p>feminine, such as the words for “pen” and “computer.”</p><p>El bolígrafo……La pluma</p><p>El ordenador…..La computadora</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/arch190/19290254364/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/studiogabe/5536494512/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/turatti/4635254231/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/mormana/5536166570/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>28</p><p>El estudiante</p><p>El estudiante</p><p>La</p><p>estudiante</p><p>Los estudiantes</p><p>Describing People and Pets</p><p>Females</p><p>La señora, la mujer, la chica, la estudiante, la perra*, la gata*</p><p>*People who know that their pet is female will use the feminine form. If the sex of a pet or</p><p>animal is unknown, the masculine form is typically used.</p><p>Males</p><p>El señor, el hombre, el chico, el estudiante, el perro, el gato</p><p>Transgender and non-binary individuals</p><p>For individuals who identify as male or female, always use the grammatical gender that</p><p>corresponds to a person’s identity. To ask someone what their pronouns are, ask: “¿Cuál es</p><p>su pronombre?” To respond, answer: “Mi pronombre es</p><p>3. ¿Comías mucho?</p><p>______________ ____ comía mucho.</p><p>4. ¿Andabas en bici con mucha frecuencia?</p><p>______________ ____ andaba en bici con mucha frecuencia</p><p>5. ¿A ti te gustaba leer?</p><p>A ______________ ____ le gustaba leer.</p><p>6. ¿A ti te gustaban los deportes?</p><p>A ______________ ____ le gustaban los deportes.</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>279</p><p>Pre-chapter activity</p><p>Paso cuatro: Check the boxes to show what the two of you have in common. Only select Cierto</p><p>if you both agree with the statement.</p><p>1. Mi compañer@ y yo éramos extrovertid@s.</p><p>2. Mi compañer@ y yo jugábamos al báquetbol.</p><p>3. Mi compañer@ y yo no comíamos mucho.</p><p>4. Mi compañer@ y yo andábamos en bici con mucha frecuencia.</p><p>5. A mi compañer@ y a mí nos gustaba leer.</p><p>6. A mi compañer@ y a mí nos gustaban los deportes.</p><p>Post-activity:</p><p>Paso cinco: Write five sentences in the box below based on your childhood.</p><p>Paso seis: With a partner or in a small group, discuss patterns you saw emerge in the way the</p><p>language works. Then discuss the things you noticed as a class.</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>280</p><p>La niñez y la adolescencia</p><p>La niñez</p><p>Dibujar ___________________________________________</p><p>Colorear__________________________________________</p><p>Jugar a los videojuegos______________________________</p><p>Subirse a los árboles_________________________________</p><p>Pelearse__________________________________________</p><p>Llevarse bien/mal___________________________________</p><p>Portarse bien/mal___________________________________</p><p>Jugar al escondite___________________________________</p><p>Disfrazarse ________________________________________</p><p>La adolescencia</p><p>Sacar la licencia de conducir__________________________</p><p>Enamorarse de _____________________________________</p><p>Hacer novillos_____________________________________</p><p>Ir a fiestas_________________________________________</p><p>Hacer deporte______________________________________</p><p>Soñar con (o:ue)____________________________________</p><p>Mentir (e:ie)_______________________________________</p><p>Meterse en problemas/ líos____________________________</p><p>Hablar por teléfono _________________________________</p><p>Textear ___________________________________________</p><p>Usar un smartphone _________________________________</p><p>Las descripciones</p><p>Juguetón(a)*_______________________________________</p><p>Travies@_________________________________________</p><p>Obediente_________________________________________</p><p>Torpe____________________________________________</p><p>Imaginativ@_______________________________________</p><p>Mandón(a)*_______________________________________</p><p>Rebelde___________________________________________</p><p>Tranquil@________________________________________</p><p>*When made feminine or plural, the “o” loses the accent.</p><p>A mi hijo le encanta colorear.</p><p>A Sarita le</p><p>fascina</p><p>jugar al</p><p>escondite</p><p>con sus</p><p>hermanos.</p><p>En el</p><p>estado de</p><p>Washington,</p><p>se puede</p><p>sacar la</p><p>licencia de</p><p>conducir a los</p><p>16 años.</p><p>https://youtu.be/GkKThfxnD6Q</p><p>https://youtu.be/c8oFasfmF_U</p><p>https://youtu.be/KFEJs36doZk</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/63173682@N04/10059511213/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/statefarm/7838241314/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/addicted-to-ornaments/34497592454/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>281</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2</p><p>Emparejar. Draw lines to match the following verbs with the most logical box in the column</p><p>to the right.</p><p>1. Colorear</p><p>2. Disfrazarse</p><p>3. Usar un smartphone</p><p>4. Enamorarse</p><p>5. Jugar a los videojuegos</p><p>6. Sacar la licencia de conducir</p><p>7. Dibujar</p><p>¿Cuántos años tenías? How old were you when you first did the activities below? Video</p><p>Paso 1: Answer the questions below using the expressions:</p><p> Yo tenía _____ años. (Feel free to estimate)</p><p> No sé qué edad tenía.</p><p>These questions use past tenses—look for context and the roots of words you will recognize!</p><p>1. ¿Cuántos años tenías cuando jugaste un videojuego por primera vez? ______________________</p><p>2. ¿Cuántos años tenías cuando te subiste a un árbol por primera vez? _______________________</p><p>3. ¿Cuántos años tenías cuando usaste un smartphone por primera vez? ______________________</p><p>4. ¿Cuántos años tenías cuando mentiste por primera vez? ________________________________</p><p>5. ¿Cuántos años tenías cuando te enamoraste por primera vez? ____________________________</p><p>Paso 2: Interview a classmate to discover what you have in common. Be prepared to discuss as a class.</p><p>Los crayones</p><p>Un iPhone</p><p>Los crayones</p><p>Un Nintendo</p><p>El Halloween</p><p>Un lápiz</p><p>El carro</p><p>Un/a novi@</p><p>https://youtu.be/Ceh4h8gQtZo</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>282</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 3</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 4</p><p>Cierto o falso. Read the following statements about what people do at a certain age. Write</p><p>“Cierto” in the blank if you believe it is a true statement, and write “Falso” if you believe it is a</p><p>false statement. If you believe it is “Falso,” change the age to make it be true.</p><p>1. Una persona de 30 años usa un smartphone con frecuencia. ________________________</p><p>2. Una persona de 12 años se pelea con sus hermanos. ________________________</p><p>3. Una persona de 2 años textea todo el día. ________________________</p><p>4. Una persona de 17 años va a fiestas. ________________________</p><p>5. Una persona de 21 años juega al escondite.________________________</p><p>6. Una persona de 9 años saca la licencia de conducir. ________________________</p><p>Yo a los ____ años. In each quadrant, categorize our vocabulary words for childhood</p><p>activities to give an idea of what you were like at that age. We are about to begin using the</p><p>imperfect tense, so rather than creating sentences, just write the infinitives. We’ll revisit this</p><p>activity on page 289.</p><p>Yo a los 5 años…. Yo a los 11 años….</p><p>Yo a los 15 años…. Yo hoy en día….</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>283</p><p>Time expressions for the imperfect tense</p><p>(Casi) Siempre __________________________________________________________________</p><p>(Casi) Nunca ___________________________________________________________________</p><p>Todos los (años/ sábados, días/ etc.)__________________________________________________</p><p>Cada (verano/ sábado/ día/ etc.)_____________________________________________________</p><p>Normalmente ___________________________________________________________________</p><p>Usualmente* ___________________________________________________________________</p><p>Generalmente ___________________________________________________________________</p><p>Frecuentemente/ Con frecuencia/ a menudo ___________________________________________</p><p>De vez en cuando _______________________________________________________________</p><p>A veces _______________________________________________________________________</p><p>Una vez/ # veces por (año/ mes/ semana/ día/ etc.)______________________________________</p><p>*Usualmente tends to be used in countries with strong English language influence.</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 5</p><p>¡A personalizar! For each frequency expression, write one activity you used to do when you</p><p>were younger. Use the infinitives from our childhood and adolescence vocabulary. Be prepared to</p><p>share with the class.</p><p>1. Siempre:</p><p>2. Nunca:</p><p>3. Todos los años/ cada año:</p><p>4. Todos los sábados/ cada sábado:</p><p>5. Todos los días/ cada día:</p><p>6. Normalmente/ Usualmente:</p><p>8. Frecuentemente/ Con frecuencia/ a menudo:</p><p>9. De vez en cuando:</p><p>https://youtu.be/8UQHPXsBVBk</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>284</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 6</p><p>¿Con qué frecuencia? For each of the childhood and teenager activities presented, use an</p><p>expression of frequency to tell how often you used to do them when you were younger.</p><p>1.</p><p>2.</p><p>3.</p><p>4.</p><p>5.</p><p>6.</p><p>Colorear:</p><p>__________________________________________</p><p>______.” Fill in the blank with él</p><p>(he), ella (she), or another pronoun such as elle (non-gendered, singular). With that said, non</p><p>-binary pronouns such as elle are newly emergent and may not be widely used or understood.</p><p>Spanish, as a highly gendered language, has not yet adapted systematically to account for</p><p>non-binary identities. There is a movement to use terms such as Latinx, although the “x” is</p><p>not currently used in sentence structure and is not yet widely used outside of the United</p><p>States. The use of –e endings instead of –o or –a endings on gendered nouns, articles, and</p><p>adjectives has also emerged from Spanish-speaking communities. While there currently is</p><p>not a unanimously accepted solution for how to approach gender agreement for non-binary</p><p>individuals, language evolves alongside the communities that use it to express their life</p><p>experiences, and this is an ongoing conversation. If you are non-binary, you may choose to</p><p>initiate a conversation with your instructor to discuss ways that you can use the language to</p><p>best describe yourself.</p><p>Groups</p><p>Groups are only feminine when every member of the group is female. If one male is present,</p><p>the group will become masculine.</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/sleatusf/13953918870/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>29</p><p>En la universidad</p><p>Work with a partner to guess the gender of each of these vocabulary words—use pencil. Then, we</p><p>will check them together as a class and discuss the meaning of each word.</p><p>En la universidad: At the university</p><p>____ bolígrafo ____________________________</p><p>____ calculadora__________________________</p><p>____ computadora_________________________</p><p>____ cuaderno____________________________</p><p>____ diccionario__________________________</p><p>____ lápiz_______________________________</p><p>____ libro________________________________</p><p>____ mapa_______________________________</p><p>____ marcador____________________________</p><p>____ destacador___________________________</p><p>____ pupitre______________________________</p><p>____ mesa_______________________________</p><p>____ mochila_____________________________</p><p>____ papel_______________________________</p><p>____ pizarra______________________________</p><p>____ reloj________________________________</p><p>____ silla________________________________</p><p>____ celular______________________________</p><p>____ clase_______________________________</p><p>____ edificio_____________________________</p><p>____ cafetería____________________________</p><p>____ librería _____________________________</p><p>____ biblioteca___________________________</p><p>____ gimnasio____________________________</p><p>____ centro estudiantil______________________</p><p>https://youtu.be/p-LInGytTNQ</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/44456430@N04/6799586492/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/pentulant/7917596172/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/kylesteeddesign/4109142587/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/lesyhoangchuong/7553639550/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>30</p><p>La pluralización</p><p>Before putting this new vocabulary to use, let’s look at how to make words plural in Spanish.</p><p>In addition to pluralizing the noun itself, the article must ALSO match in gender and number.</p><p>El or La becomes Los or Las</p><p>Un or Una becomes Unos or Unas</p><p>If a word ends in a vowel, add –s</p><p>El libro becomes _____________________________</p><p>La manzana becomes __________________________</p><p>Un pupitre becomes ___________________________</p><p>Una mesa becomes ____________________________</p><p>If a word ends in a consonant, add –es</p><p>El reloj becomes_______________________________</p><p>Un marcador becomes __________________________</p><p>La universidad becomes_________________________</p><p>Una comunidad becomes ________________________</p><p>If a word referring to a person ends in –dor, or a nationality that ends in a consonant,</p><p>add -a, -es, or -as depending on the Gender/Number of the person or people.</p><p>Mi padre es trabajador. = my dad is hardworking.</p><p>Mi madre es ____________________________. = my mom is hardworking</p><p>Mis padres son __________________________. = my parents are hardworking.</p><p>Antonio Banderas es español. = Antonio Banderas is Spanish.</p><p>Penélope Cruz es ________________________. = Penelope Cruz is Spanish.</p><p>Pablo Picasso y Salvador Dalí son _______________________. = PP and SD are Spanish.</p><p>Special Pluralization Rules</p><p>If a word ends in -Z, the z changes to c when pluralized.</p><p>El lápiz becomes ________________________________.</p><p>El pez becomes __________________________________.</p><p>If a word has an accent on the final syllable, the accent goes away when pluralized.</p><p>La comunicación becomes __________________________.</p><p>El salón becomes _________________________________.</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>31</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 7</p><p>¿Qué hay? What is there? Using the expression hay (meaning there is or there are) and our</p><p>school-related vocabulary, answer the following questions.</p><p>Audio Video</p><p>Use indefinite articles or numbers with hay (un/una/unos/unas). Do not use definite articles.</p><p>1. ¿Qué hay en tu mochila?</p><p>_______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>_______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Qué no hay en tu mochila?</p><p>_______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>_______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿Qué hay en un salón de clase típico?</p><p>_______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>_______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 8</p><p>¿Qué compraste para las clases? Tell me what</p><p>you bought to get ready for the school year.</p><p>Audio</p><p>Yo compré...</p><p>________________________________________</p><p>________________________________________</p><p>________________________________________</p><p>________________________________________</p><p>________________________________________</p><p>https://youtu.be/j6UJfXAGlkw</p><p>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xHGHqq5ijhA</p><p>https://youtu.be/emEJN6V_5FI</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/83633410@N07/7658317110/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/thomashawk/2487238313/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>32</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1 9</p><p>¿Qué necesitas para las clases? Name at least one item that you will need for each class.</p><p>1. Para la clase de arte, necesito ______________________________________________________.</p><p>2. Para la clase de matemáticas, necesito _______________________________________________.</p><p>3. Para la clase de computación, necesito ______________________________________________.</p><p>4. Para la clase de geografía, necesito_________________________________________________.</p><p>5. Para la clase de historia, necesito___________________________________________________.</p><p>Necesito unos lápices de color para</p><p>la clase de arte.</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2 0</p><p>El espionaje. You have been recruited by an international security agency, and are taking part in an</p><p>initial assessment to test your ability to recall information. As we all know, spies must rely upon</p><p>their ability to observe and memorize information, as a paper trail can be deadly. To determine</p><p>whether you will be admitted to their training program, you have been paired with another future</p><p>agent for this test. First, determine who will be Agent X and who will be Agent Y. In case of a</p><p>group of three, determine who will be Agent Z.</p><p>Round 1: Agent X will face the front of the classroom. Agents Y and Z will face the back of</p><p>the room. Three to five classroom items will be displayed to Agent X at the front of the room for 10</p><p>seconds, then hidden. After 30 seconds, Agent X will tell Agents Y and Z what items were</p><p>witnessed earlier, using “Hay”, current vocabulary words and their corresponding indefinite articles.</p><p>Agents Y and</p><p>Z will write down what Agent X tells them on their “Reportaje”. Lastly, the items</p><p>will be redisplayed for all to see. If Agent X was able to accurately communicate all of the items</p><p>with their corresponding indefinite article and if Agents Y and Z were able to understand and make</p><p>note of what they were told by Agent X, all of the agents are still in the running to be admitted to</p><p>the program.</p><p>Rounds 2 and 3: Repeat the assessment with different items for Agents Y and Z.</p><p>Reportaje del Agente _____ Reportaje del Agente _____</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/8610198@N07/2651836244/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/8610198@N07/2651836244/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>33</p><p>Before moving on to Chapter 2, reflect upon what you can do with the language.</p><p>Check off all of the things on the list below that you can do.</p><p>For any actions you cannot yet do, review the topic and seek out additional</p><p>resources such as tutoring, extra help from your instructor, online materials, etc.</p><p>After completing this chapter, I can:</p><p> Understand basic written and spoken greetings and goodbyes</p><p> Greet and say goodbye to another person</p><p> Apply knowledge of formal and informal situations to treat</p><p>people I meet appropriately</p><p> Understand basic introductions in written and spoken form</p><p> Introduce myself and others to another person</p><p> Recite the Spanish alphabet</p><p> Recognize letters of the Spanish alphabet when they are used</p><p>to spell words and when they are pronounced within words</p><p> Discuss differences between the Spanish and English</p><p>alphabets and pronunciation of letters</p><p> Recall the Spanish words for common class subjects</p><p> State which classes I am currently taking</p><p> Determine when to use a definite article versus when to use an</p><p>indefinite article</p><p> Recognize patterns that help determine the gender of nouns</p><p> Recall nouns related to student life, as well as their gender</p><p> Manipulate nouns to make them singular or plural</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>34</p><p>¡A reflexionar sobre los objectivos!</p><p>Goal setting, Paso 1. As we are working to be our best language learners, we need to regular ly</p><p>check in on our progress toward our goals. Use the questions below to reflect upon the goals you set</p><p>for yourself at the beginning of the chapter.</p><p>My two short term goals were:</p><p>1. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p> Did you follow your action plan? In what way(s)? What worked? What didn’t work?</p><p> _______ I have achieved this goal/ ________ I made progress toward this goal/</p><p>_______ I have not made progress toward this goal and should make a revision to my goal</p><p>or my action plan.</p><p>2. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p> Did you follow your action plan? In what way(s)? What worked? What didn’t work?</p><p> _______ I have achieved this goal/ ________ I made progress toward this goal/</p><p>_______ I have not made progress toward this goal and should make a revision to my goal</p><p>or my action plan.</p><p>My one long-term goal was:</p><p>3. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p> Did you follow your action plan? In what way(s)? What worked? What didn’t work?</p><p> _______ I have achieved this goal/ ________ I made progress toward this goal/</p><p>_______ I have not made progress toward this goal and should make a revision to my goal</p><p>or my action plan.</p><p>How do you feel about your initial greatest fear about learning Spanish? Better? Worse? Why?</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>35</p><p>¡A revisar los objectivos!</p><p>Goal setting, Paso 2. Before moving on to the next chapter, take a moment to update your goals</p><p>and/or action plans. It is okay to keep goals that you set for yourself previously if you are still</p><p>working toward them.</p><p>My two short term goals with action plans:</p><p>1. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p></p><p>2. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p></p><p>My one long-term goal with an action plan:</p><p>3. _______________________________________________________________________________</p><p></p><p>Study strategies I find useful:</p><p>New study strategies I could try:</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>36</p><p>V o c a b u l a r i o d e l C a p í t u l o 1</p><p>Español Inglés</p><p>Adiós Goodbye</p><p>La administración de empresas Business administration</p><p>Alto Tall</p><p>El arte Art</p><p>Así así So-so</p><p>La biblioteca Library</p><p>Bienvenido/a/os/as Welcome</p><p>La biología Biology</p><p>El bolígrafo Pen</p><p>Buenas noches Good evening/night</p><p>Buenas tardes Good afternoon</p><p>Buenos días Good morning</p><p>La cafetería The cafeteria</p><p>La calculadora Calculator</p><p>El celular Cell phone</p><p>El centro estudiantil The student center</p><p>¡Chao! Bye!</p><p>El chino Chinese</p><p>Las ciencias Science</p><p>La clase Class</p><p>¿Comó está? How are you? (formal)</p><p>¿Cómo estás? How are you? (informal)</p><p>¿Cómo están? How are you? (plural)</p><p>¿Cómo te/le/les va? How’s it going?</p><p>¿Cómo se llama? What’s your (formal) /his/her</p><p>name?</p><p>¿Cómo te llamas? What’s your name (informal)?</p><p>La composición Composition</p><p>La computación IT/ Computer Science</p><p>La computadora Computer</p><p>Las comunicaciones Communications</p><p>El cuaderno Notebook</p><p>¡Cuídate! Take care</p><p>¿De dónde eres? Where are you from?</p><p>De nada You’re welcome</p><p>El destacador Highlighter</p><p>Español Inglés</p><p>El diccionario Dictionary</p><p>El drama Drama</p><p>El edificio (de...) Building</p><p>El/ La/ Los/ Las The</p><p>Encantad@ Nice to meet you</p><p>El español Spanish</p><p>Extrovertid@ Extroverted/ outgoing</p><p>La filosofía Philosophy</p><p>La física Physics</p><p>Flac@ Skinny</p><p>La geografía Geography</p><p>El gimnasio The gym</p><p>Gracias Thank you</p><p>Grande Big/ large</p><p>Hasta el viernes See you Friday.</p><p>Hasta luego See you later</p><p>Hasta mañana See you tomorrow</p><p>Hasta pronto See you soon</p><p>La historia History</p><p>Hola Hello</p><p>Las humanidades Humanities</p><p>Igualmente Same to you</p><p>El inglés English</p><p>El japonés Japanese</p><p>El lápiz Pencil</p><p>Las lenguas extranjeras Foreign Languages</p><p>La librería Bookstore</p><p>El libro Book</p><p>La literatura Literature</p><p>Lo siento I’m sorry</p><p>El mapa Map</p><p>El marcador Marker</p><p>Más o menos So-so</p><p>Las matemáticas Math</p><p>Las materias Class subjects</p><p>Me llamo My name is</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>37</p><p>Español Inglés</p><p>La mesa Table</p><p>Mi nombre es My name is</p><p>La mochila Backpack</p><p>Mucho gusto Nice to meet you</p><p>La música Music</p><p>(Muy) bien (Very) well</p><p>(Muy) mal (Very) bad</p><p>Nos vemos See ya</p><p>El papel Paper</p><p>La pedagogía Teaching</p><p>La pizarra Chalkboard/Whiteboard</p><p>Profesor(a/es/as) Professor(s)</p><p>La psicología Psychology</p><p>El pupitre Student desk</p><p>¿Qué tal? How’s it going?</p><p>¡Que te/le/les vaya bien! Have a good day!</p><p>La química Chemistry</p><p>El reloj Clock</p><p>El ruso Russian</p><p>Señor Mr. / Sir</p><p>Señora Mrs. / Ma’am</p><p>Señorita Miss</p><p>La silla Chair</p><p>La sociología Sociology</p><p>Soy I am</p><p>Soy de (place) I’m from …</p><p>Te/le/les presento a (nombre) Let me introduce to you to</p><p>(name).</p><p>Todo bien All good</p><p>Un/Una A</p><p>Unos/ Unas Some</p><p>¿Y tú? And you? (informal)</p><p>¿Y usted? And you? (formal)</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>38</p><p>Vocabulario Personalizado</p><p>Words you looked up / Words that came up in class</p><p>Español Inglés</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>39</p><p>Capítulo Dos</p><p>Las cabezas colosales en Tabasco, México son artefactos precolombinos. Son</p><p>de la civilización olmeca. Los arqueólogos y antropólogos creen que las</p><p>cabezas fueron creadas entre los años 850 y 700 a. C. Las cabezas miden</p><p>entre 4.8 y 11.2 pies y pesan entre 6 y 20 toneladas. No se sabe exactamente</p><p>por qué los Olmecas</p><p>crearon las cabezas colosales, pero es probable que sean</p><p>representaciones de algunos líderes importantes de la cultura olmeca.</p><p>Y si tú quieres tener una cabeza colosal… ¡sigue aprendiendo español!</p><p>Nuevos estudios científicos muestran que los cerebros de las personas que</p><p>estudian una lengua extranjera generan nuevas neuronas. También, saber otra</p><p>lengua nos ayuda a resolver los problemas y mejora la memoria a largo plazo y</p><p>la memoria a corto plazo.</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/infinitikos/3307352333/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>40</p><p>Before beginning this chapter, it is important to recognize which skills and tasks you will</p><p>be expected to learn to perform. Do you already have some previous skills or knowledge</p><p>in these areas that you can use to your advantage? Are there any topics that you foresee</p><p>being difficult? If so, it is a good idea to pursue additional assistance to get ahead of any</p><p>potential issues. You are the master of your education—you have the power to take</p><p>ownership of your learning!</p><p>After completing this chapter, I will be able to:</p><p> Distinguish between the different subject pronouns.</p><p> Produce written and spoken sentences describing myself and others</p><p>using the verb ser (to be) and adjectives that describe personality</p><p>and physical characteristics.</p><p> Employ the use of numbers between 0 and 100 to ask and answer</p><p>questions.</p><p> Express posession using the verb tener.</p><p> Produce written and spoken sentences describing myself and others</p><p>using the verb estar (to be) and adjectives that describe conditions,</p><p>emotions, and feelings.</p><p> Describe the location of places on campus in relation to one another.</p><p> Discuss the world around me using the calendar, clock, and</p><p>expressions for weather.</p><p> Test my theories and assumptions about Spanish by using the</p><p>language even when I am uncertain whether I am using it correctly.</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>41</p><p>Pre-chapter activity</p><p>Pre-activity: An important part of this chapter involves descr ibing ourselves, as well as</p><p>describing other people and groups. In this activity, you will follow the four steps outlined</p><p>below in order to come up with a description of yourself, a partner, and the rest of the class.</p><p>During-activity:</p><p>Paso uno: Read the statements and check Sí or No depending on whether or not the statement</p><p>accurately describes you.</p><p>1. Yo soy pesimista……………………………….</p><p>2. Yo soy optimista…………….…………………</p><p>3. Yo soy responsable…………………………....</p><p>4. Yo soy irresponsable. …………….…………....</p><p>5. Yo soy extrovertid@.……………..…………....</p><p>6. Yo soy introvertid@..................…. …………..</p><p>7. Yo soy activ@............................……………...</p><p>8. Yo soy creativ@.................................................</p><p>Paso dos: Use the questions provided to interview a classmate. Note their responses, making</p><p>them negative when necessary by writing “no” in front of “es.”</p><p>1. ¿Eres tú pesimista?...................Mi compañer@ ___ es _______________________.</p><p>2. ¿Eres tú optimista?...................Mi compañer@ ___ es _______________________.</p><p>3. ¿Eres tú responsable?................Mi compañer@ ___ es _______________________.</p><p>4. ¿Eres tú irresponsable?..............Mi compañer@ ___ es _______________________.</p><p>5. ¿Eres tú extrovertid@?..............Mi compañer@ ___ es _______________________.</p><p>6. ¿Eres tú introvertid@?……...…Mi compañer@ ___ es _______________________.</p><p>7. ¿Eres tú activ@?........................Mi compañer@ ___ es _______________________.</p><p>8. ¿Eres tú creativ@?.....................Mi compañer@ ___ es _______________________.</p><p>Sí No</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>42</p><p>During-activity, continued:</p><p>Paso tres: Use the usted form of the same questions to interview a your instructor. Note their</p><p>responses, making them negative when necessary by writing “no” in front of “es.”</p><p>1. ¿Es usted pesimista?..................Mi profesor/a ___ es ____________________________.</p><p>2. ¿Es usted optimista?..................Mi profesor/a ___ es ____________________________.</p><p>3. ¿Es usted responsable?...............Mi profesor/a ___ es ____________________________.</p><p>4. ¿Es usted irresponsable?.............Mi profesor/a ___ es ____________________________.</p><p>5. ¿Es usted extrovertid@?.............Mi profesor/a ___ es ____________________________.</p><p>6. ¿Es usted introvertid@?……..…Mi profesor/a ___ es ___________________________.</p><p>7. ¿Es usted activ@?.......................Mi profesor/a ___ es ___________________________.</p><p>8. ¿Es usted tú creativ@?................Mi profesor/a ___ es ____________________________.</p><p>Paso cuatro: Your instructor will poll the class using the questions provided. You will make note</p><p>of how many classmates identify with each characteristic.</p><p>Número de estudiantes en la clase: ______________________________________________</p><p>1. ¿Cuántos compañeros de clase son pesimistas?___________________________________</p><p>2. ¿Cuántos compañeros de clase son optimistas?___________________________________</p><p>3. ¿Cuántos compañeros de clase son responsables?_________________________________</p><p>4. ¿Cuántos compañeros de clase son irresponsables?________________________________</p><p>5. ¿Cuántos compañeros de clase son extrovertidos?_________________________________</p><p>6. ¿Cuántos compañeros de clase son introvertidos?_________________________________</p><p>7. ¿Cuántos compañeros de clase son activos? _____________________________________</p><p>8. ¿Cuántos compañeros de clase son creativos?____________________________________</p><p>Paso cinco: Choose two characteristics that were discussed, then write two sentences describing</p><p>the class in general terms. You may use the model as a guide.</p><p>Ej: Generalmente, los estudiantes (no) son idealistas.</p><p>1. ______________________________________________________________________</p><p>2. ______________________________________________________________________</p><p>Post-activity: Volunteers from the class will share their sentences from Paso cinco, as the</p><p>instructor writes them on the board or projector, making any necessary corrections. Compare</p><p>your sentences to the sentences provided by your instructor, making any necessary</p><p>corrections to your original work.</p><p>With a partner or in a small group, discuss patterns you saw emerge in the way the language</p><p>works. Then discuss the things you noticed as a class.</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>43</p><p>Los pronombres personales</p><p>Before we start working with verbs and constructing full sentences, we need to begin with personal</p><p>pronouns. These pronouns tell us who is doing the action in the sentence.</p><p>I……………………………………………..</p><p>You (informal)………………….…………..</p><p>You (formal)………………………………..</p><p>He……………………………….…………..</p><p>She……………………………...…………..</p><p>We (all men, mixed group)……..…………..</p><p>We (all women)……………………………..</p><p>You all (Spain)………………….…………..</p><p>You all (Spain, only women)…...…………..</p><p>You all (Latin America)…………………….</p><p>(In Spain, ustedes may be used for formal groups.)</p><p>They (all men, mixed group)…...…………..</p><p>They (all women)……………….…………..</p><p>Yo</p><p>Tú</p><p>Usted</p><p>Él</p><p>Ella</p><p>Nosotros</p><p>Nosotras</p><p>Vosotros</p><p>Vosotras</p><p>Ustedes</p><p>Ellos</p><p>Ellas</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/lwclark/9374542478/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>44</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 1</p><p>Which pronoun? Given the following situations, decide which personal pronoun you will use</p><p>to refer to that person.</p><p>1. If you are talking directly to a friend, use ________________________.</p><p>2. If you are talking about a male friend, use ________________________.</p><p>3. If you are talking directly to a judge, use ________________________.</p><p>4. If you are talking about yourself, use ________________________.</p><p>5. If you are talking about two people, male and female, use ________________________.</p><p>6. If you are talking</p><p>about yourself and your mom, use ________________________.</p><p>7. If you are in Spain and talking directly to a group of friends, use ________________________.</p><p>8. If you are talking directly to a child, use ________________________.</p><p>9. If you are talking about two people, both females, use ________________________.</p><p>10. If you are talking about yourself and your brother, use ________________________.</p><p>11. If you are talking about your parents, use ________________________.</p><p>12. If you are in Latin America and talking directly to a group of people, use _________________.</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 2</p><p>Pronoun Addition. Which personal pronoun will you use when you add one person to the</p><p>pronouns below. For those that have two or more options, discuss the different scenarios with a</p><p>partner.</p><p>1. Yo + 1 = __________________________-o- ________________________</p><p>2. Tú + 1 = _________________________ -o- ___________________________ (España)</p><p>___________________________ (Latinoamérica)</p><p>3. Él + 1 = ___________________________</p><p>4. Mi madre + 1 = _________________________ -o- ________________________</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/unephotos/7002026361/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/indian_girl/71692326/sizes/o/</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>45</p><p>¡A sustituir! Read the following sentences that use names, then decide what pronoun you will</p><p>use to replace the names as the conversation continues.</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 3</p><p>1. Mi hermano canta mucho.</p><p>__________ es músico.</p><p>2. Señora Londoño es profesora.</p><p>______________ es muy inteligente.</p><p>3. Antonia y María son mis amigas.</p><p>__________________ son simpáticas.</p><p>4. Jorge y yo vamos al cine.</p><p>_____________________ somos novios.</p><p>5. Mis padres viven en Idaho, pero originalmente</p><p>__________________ son de California.</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/thomashawk/15010668934/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/wearenotmeaningless/8174591692/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/professorcooper/5244624124/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/30518700@N04/2857183427/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/uncoolbob/16346196219/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>46</p><p>El verbo “Ser”</p><p>The verb “Ser” in Spanish means “To Be” and is used when talking about the following*:</p><p> Personality and Physical Characteristics</p><p> Origin (Ser followed by ‘de’)</p><p> Profession</p><p>*We will see more uses for “Ser” in the future, especially after learning about the verb “Estar.”</p><p>However, these three uses are extremely common and are a very good place to start.</p><p>Ser—To be</p><p>“POP”</p><p>Mnemonic Devices are a great memory</p><p>technique for language learning</p><p>Por ejemplo:</p><p>Personality and Physical Characteristics:</p><p>Yo soy reservada y tranquila. También soy morena.</p><p>Mi hermana es extrovertida y sociable. Ella es rubia.</p><p>Origin:</p><p>¿De dónde eres?.....Soy de Idaho.</p><p>¿De dónde son tus padres?.....Mis padres son de California.</p><p>Profession:</p><p>Yo soy profesora de español.</p><p>Mi padre es consejero.</p><p>Mi hermana es trabajadora social. Julia es de Rusia. Es profesora.</p><p>Ella es bonita y simpática.</p><p>Son</p><p>Soy</p><p>Sois</p><p>Somos</p><p>Eres</p><p>Es</p><p>I am</p><p>You guys are (LatAm), they are</p><p>You guys are (Spain)</p><p>We are</p><p>You (informal) are</p><p>You (formal) are, he/she is, it is</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/thomashawk/16420369273/sizes/l</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>47</p><p>Why are the pronouns in parentheses?</p><p>Los pronombres son opcionales.</p><p>The personal pronouns are optional in Spanish because there is so much variation in how the verb</p><p>changes. Because there is only one person in the world that “soy” can refer to, the “yo” is optional,</p><p>etc. It’s not always so clear, like with “es” or “son,” but as long as it’s clear by context, you do not</p><p>have to use the pronouns.</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 4</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 5</p><p>Rellenar el espacio. Use clues in the sentence to fill in</p><p>the blank with the correct form of ser.</p><p>1. Mi novia _____________ muy bonita.</p><p>2. Alejandro y Mateo _____________inteligentes.</p><p>3. Mi esposo y yo _____________ del estado de Iowa.</p><p>4. Yo _____________ alto y amable.</p><p>5. Tú _____________ muy aventurero.</p><p>6. Ustedes _____________ de los Estados Unidos, ¿no?</p><p>7. Vosotros _____________ de los Estados Unidos, ¿no?</p><p>8. Marta y Francesca _____________ mis mejores amigas.</p><p>El origen. Answer the questions below about where these people are from. Remember to use de</p><p>after ser when discussing origen. Audio Video</p><p>1. ¿De dónde eres? __________________________________________________________________</p><p>2. ¿De dónde es tu padre? ____________________________________________________________</p><p>3. ¿De dónde son tus abuelos? _________________________________________________________</p><p>_______________________________________________________________________________</p><p>Mis abuelos paternos son de California.</p><p>Mis abuelos maternos no son de California.</p><p>Mi abuelo materno es de Philadelphia y mi</p><p>abuela materna es de Ohio.</p><p>https://youtu.be/asmkSSA5n7s</p><p>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFC6rSAYZi8</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/dotbenjamin/2560935556/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/byfer39/4226730312/sizes/o/</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>48</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 6</p><p>A c t i v i d a d 7</p><p>¿Cómo eres? What are you like? Use the adjectives below and the verb ser to write about</p><p>yourself. You can make your sentence negative by putting “no” in front of “soy.” The @ symbol</p><p>means that the adjective can end in –o (masculine) or –a (feminine).</p><p>_________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>_________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>_________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>_________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>_________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>Inteligente alt@ baj@ extrovertid@ introvertid@ optimista pesimista</p><p>realista idealista activ@ trabajador(a) interesante estudios@</p><p>Las personas famosas. With a partner, think of a famous person originally from a Hispanic</p><p>country. Then, go to www.wikipedia.org and click “Español.” Type the person’s name in the</p><p>“Buscar” bar. Read as much as you can in the given time, specifically looking for the verb ser and</p><p>how it is used. Finally, summarize what you learned in English in the space below.</p><p>________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>________________________________________________________________________________</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/83633410@N07/7658092652/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/83633410@N07/7658074952/sizes/l</p><p>https://www.flickr.com/photos/merchau/8548057127/sizes/o/</p><p>Libro Libre: Beginning Spanish CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p><p>49</p><p>Los adjetivos</p><p>Adjectives are words that describe nouns.</p><p>In Spanish, they typically go AFTER the noun.</p><p>Adjectives also must match the noun in gender and number.</p><p>If it ends in –o: it can also end in –a, -os, or –as. The “@” shows that a word changes in this way.</p><p>Pablo Picasso es un pintor famoso.</p><p>If it ends in in –e or –ista: don’t make gender changes, just pluralize by adding –s</p><p>Mi mamá es optimista y sociable.</p><p>If it ends in a consonant</p>
  • Realidade Aumentada (AR) e Realidade Virtual (VR) na Educaçã
  • Aula 5 - Internet (1)
  • Tipos de Gráficos em Planilhas
  • Ingles_para_Informatica_PB_capa_FICHA_ISBN_20110127
  • 1 Simulado para Campinas-SP (provas de Piracicaba e Sorocaba - VUNESP)
  • Apresentação Aveia NTQV
  • Atividade compensatoria
  • A3
  • ELETROTECNICA - CAPITULO 2
  • Métodos quantitativos aplicados às Ciências Contábeis 2
  • SOCIALIZAÇÃO EQUIPE REGINA
  • geografiauel,Gerentedarevista,1536212formatado
  • Workshop - Psicologia em Saúde
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  • Qual é a principal função do sistema de escapamento em um motor de aeronave?
  • Qual alternativa melhor define o conceito de Sistema para simulação computacional? Escolha uma opção: a. Um programa de computador utilizado para...
  • O Bitcoin é uma moeda digital criada em 2009, por um indivíduo ou grupo, sob o pseudônimo de Satoshi Nakamoto. Opera em uma rede peer-to-peer e os ...
  • Um computador é uma máquina com grande capacidade de executar cálculos e processar informações a uma velocidade milhões de vezes mais ágil que uma ...
  • III. apenas D) = apenas E) III, apenas Questão 8: Analise as afirmativas a seguir sobre os conceitos acerca de "tecnologia": I. A tecnologia pode s...
  • D Módulo transversal. Questão 7: Analise as afirmativas a seguir sobre os geradores de apresentação: são 1. Normalmente a área de os softwares apli...
  • Qual das tecnologias da Industria 4.0 que pode permitir que máquinas – que não sejam computadores - se conversem quanto conectadas em rede e troque...
  • Qual é um dos sinais de que alguém pode ser um sobrevivente de uma mãe narcisista?
  • Avalie as asserções a seguir e a relação entre elas. I – O RPC baseado em XML permite que um programa chame funções em um computador remoto, utili...
  • Segue o texto extraído da imagem: --- **Leia o excerto a seguir:** "Um sistema de aprendizado é um programa de computador que toma decisões base...
  • Em uma planilha eletrônica, a função'Formatar Células' é utilizada para controlara visualização/impressão dos dados.Comrelação a esta função, as...
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  • emo
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Perguntas dessa disciplina

Grátis

Qual é a sequência correta das versões do sistema operacional Symbian? a) EPOC32 1.0 > 5.1 EPOC32, Symbian OS 6.0, Symbian OS 6.1, Symbian S60, F...

Grátis

What is the correct sequence of editions of the Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988? a) 1st edition - 1988, 2nd edition - 1995, 3rd edition - 1...
(UEZO, 2013) A fonte de informação de uma obra traz a indicação “Second edition”. Segundo o código de catalogação vigente, a transcrição correta na...
What is the title of the book, author, edition, and publisher of the work that presents a methodology for teaching mathematics? a) Construção das...
Livro que cobre de forma aprofundada os aspectos teóricos relacionados com segurança. Contém capı́tulos que discutem polı́ticas de segurança, u...
  • Realidade Aumentada (AR) e Realidade Virtual (VR) na Educaçã
  • Aula 5 - Internet (1)
  • Tipos de Gráficos em Planilhas
  • Ingles_para_Informatica_PB_capa_FICHA_ISBN_20110127
  • 1 Simulado para Campinas-SP (provas de Piracicaba e Sorocaba - VUNESP)
  • Apresentação Aveia NTQV
  • Atividade compensatoria
  • A3
  • ELETROTECNICA - CAPITULO 2
  • Métodos quantitativos aplicados às Ciências Contábeis 2
  • SOCIALIZAÇÃO EQUIPE REGINA
  • geografiauel,Gerentedarevista,1536212formatado
  • Workshop - Psicologia em Saúde
  • Como é chamada a visualização do slide de tamanho menor que fica na lateral esquerda da tela? Exibição. Miniatura do Slide. Pré-visualização. A...
  • Qual é a principal função do sistema de escapamento em um motor de aeronave?
  • Qual alternativa melhor define o conceito de Sistema para simulação computacional? Escolha uma opção: a. Um programa de computador utilizado para...
  • O Bitcoin é uma moeda digital criada em 2009, por um indivíduo ou grupo, sob o pseudônimo de Satoshi Nakamoto. Opera em uma rede peer-to-peer e os ...
  • Um computador é uma máquina com grande capacidade de executar cálculos e processar informações a uma velocidade milhões de vezes mais ágil que uma ...
  • III. apenas D) = apenas E) III, apenas Questão 8: Analise as afirmativas a seguir sobre os conceitos acerca de "tecnologia": I. A tecnologia pode s...
  • D Módulo transversal. Questão 7: Analise as afirmativas a seguir sobre os geradores de apresentação: são 1. Normalmente a área de os softwares apli...
  • Qual das tecnologias da Industria 4.0 que pode permitir que máquinas – que não sejam computadores - se conversem quanto conectadas em rede e troque...
  • Qual é um dos sinais de que alguém pode ser um sobrevivente de uma mãe narcisista?
  • Avalie as asserções a seguir e a relação entre elas. I – O RPC baseado em XML permite que um programa chame funções em um computador remoto, utili...
  • Segue o texto extraído da imagem: --- **Leia o excerto a seguir:** "Um sistema de aprendizado é um programa de computador que toma decisões base...
  • Em uma planilha eletrônica, a função'Formatar Células' é utilizada para controlara visualização/impressão dos dados.Comrelação a esta função, as...
  • Se utilizarmos a seguinte fórmula=soma(b1:c10), ○ que ela fará?2Definirá a soma realizada em umaúnica célula.○B)Definirá a soma entr...
  • emo
  • resumos
Libro Libre 2nd edition for Publish (1) - Informática (2025)

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